Fig. 7.

Schematic representation of molecular mechanism underling OligoGM1 neurotrophic function. OligoGM1 enhances the activation of TrkA signaling pathway, which could be associated to an increased activation of PLCγ1, leading to the formation of second messengers DAG and IP3. These events bring to the opening of Ca²⁺ channels on the PM and on endoplasmic reticulum, leading to an increase of cytosolic Ca²⁺ responsible for N2a differentiation. TrkA, neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor A; NGF, nerve growth factor; PLCγ, phospholipase C gamma; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; DAG, diacyl-glycerol; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; PKC, protein kinase C; TRPC, transient receptor potential channel; RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum. GM1 sugar code is according to Varki et al. 2015 [55]. This image is updated from Chiricozzi et al. [13]