Table 1.
Description of management practices in organic and conventional fields for each plant species, L. angustifolia and L. intermedia and soil characteristics.
| Plant species | Management | GPS | Fertilizer applied | Pesticide use | Inter-row management | Organic matter (%) | Total carbone (%) | pH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L intermedia | Organic for 20 years |
43° 54′ 5.15″ N 6° 11′ 3.34″ E |
None | None | No tillage Plant cover (Fabaceae and Poaceae) | 3.20 ± 0.10a | 1.84 ± 0.01a | 8.25 ± 0.05 |
| Conventional > 20 years | 43° 52′ 23.2″ N | 30:30:40 kg NPK ha−1 | Herbicides and insecticides | Reduced tillage | 2.70 ± 0.00a | 1.57 ± 0.01a | 8.25 ± 0.05 | |
| L. angustifolia | Organic for 4 years |
44° 7′ 46.45″ N 5° 29′ 25.98″ E |
None | None | Reduced tillage | 5 ± 0.20a | 2.90 ± 0.09a | 8.2 ± 0.00a |
| Conventional > 20 years |
44° 8′ 8.12″ N 5° 28′ 1.38″ E |
30:30:40 kg NPK ha−1 | Herbicides and insecticides | Reduced tillage | 4.2 ± 0.30a | 2.46 ± 0.18a | 8.25 ± 0.05 |
The herbicides and insecticides correspond to propyzamid, cycloxydim, fluroxypyr or amidosulfuron and chlorpyriphos-methyl for pest protection. The reduced tillage was performed on 5–10 cm depth. For each plant species, means with the same letter within columns are not significantly different (t-test; P < 0.05). Organic matter, total Carbone and pH were measured from sampled soils for each site by Aurea, France according to standard methods.