Abstract
Objetivos
Conocer la incidencia anual, los motivos y los metodos utilizados para el diagnostico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en el periodo 1991–1995 a partir de la validacion de un registro informatizado.
Diseno
Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo.
Emplazamiento
Centro de atencion primaria.
Mediciones y resultados principales
De los 387 diabeticos registrados como nuevos casos en el periodo 1991-1995 de una poblacion atendida de 17.031 personas mayores de 14 anos, 21 no eran diabeticos, 60 eran retrasos en el diagnostico o en su registro, 75 provenian de otro centro y 9 eran tipo 1, por lo que fueron excluidos. La edad media de los 222 (57,4%) nuevos casos verdaderos fue de 59 (DE, 11,4) anos, siendo un 53% mujeres. Los motivos de diagnostico mas frecuentes fueron la existencia de hiperglucemias no diagnosticas previas (50,9%) y la aplicacion de protocolos de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (19,8%). Los metodos diagnosticos fueron 2 glucemias basales ≤ 140 mg/dl (70,7%), una glucemia ≤ 200 mg/dl con clinica tipica (6,7%) y la sobrecarga oral de glucosa (23%). El 97% de casos se diagnostico en el propio centro. La densidad de incidencia anual fue de 30,1 por 10.000 habitantes. La prevalencia al principio y al final del estudio fue del 4,4 y 4,9%.
Conclusiones
La incidencia y la prevalencia observadas son superiores a las descritas en otros estudios. Los motivos de diagnostico mas frecuentes fueron la hiperglucemia no diagnostica previa y la aplicacion de protocolos de otros factores de riesgo.
Palabras clave: Atención primaria, Diabetes tipo 2, Diagnóstico, Incidencia
Abstract
Objective
To find the annual incidence and reasons for type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), and the methods used to diagnose it, on the basis of the validation of a computerised record for 1991–1995.
Design
Retrospective, longitudinal study.
Setting
Primary care centre.
Measurements and main results
Of the 387 diabetics registered as new cases in the 1991-1995 period out of 17031 people over 14 who were seen, 21 were not diabetics, 60 were cases of late diagnosis or late recording, 75 came from another centre and 9 were type-1. All these were excluded. The mean age of the 222 (57.4%) real new cases was 59 (ED 11.4). 53% were women. The most common causes of diagnosis were the existence of previous with diagnostic hiperglycemia (50.9%) and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors (19.8%). The diagnostic methods were two basal glucaemias ≤ 140 mg/dl (70.7%), 1 glucaemia ≤ 200 mg/dl with typical clinical picture (6.7%) and oral overload of glucose (23%). 97% of cases were diagnosed at the centre itself. The density of annual incidence was 30.1 per 10000 inhabitants. Prevalence at start and end of the study was 4.4 and 4.9%.
Conclusions
The incidence and prevalence described are greater than described in other studies. The most common reasons for diagnosis were the existence of previous nondiagnostic hyperglycemia and the application of protocols for other risk factors.
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