TABLE 1.

Primary and secondary sensory neuropathies and their associated effects on cardiovascular function

Pathologies affecting cardiac sensory neurons		Disease	Clinical cardiac symptoms	References	Available animal models of the disease	References
Primary neuropathies	Inherited	Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease	Noncompaction cardiomyopathy, increased incidence of arrhythmias, and embolic complications	Eltawansy et al., 2015	CMT1: PMP22 overexpressed transgenic rodents	Huxley et al. 1998 Sereda et al. 1996
		Familial dysautonomy (HSAN Type III)	Cardiovascular instability, postural hypotension, episodic hypertension, QT variability, and ECG abnormalities	Goldstein et al., 2008 Solaimanzadeh et al. 2008	Ikbkap conditional‐knockout mouse lines, Ikbkap flox/flox and ikbkap δ20/flox	Dietrich et al., 2012 Ohlen et al., 2017
		Hereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis	Refractory cardiomyopathy, orthostatic hypotension, and arrhythmias	Adams et al., 2019 Lai et al., 2019	Mouse expressing human transthyretin V30M in a heat shock transcription factor 1 null background	Santos et al., 2010
		Friedreich's ataxia	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia	Peverill et al., 2018	Conditional frataxin knockout mouse	Puccio et al., 2001
Secondary neuropathies	Metabolic	Diabetes mellitus (Type 1)	Diastolic cardiomyopathy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction	Voulgari et al., 2010	Single high dose of STZ or multiple moderate dose of STZ	Bakovic et al., 2018 Kellogg, Converso, Wiggin, Stevens, and Pop‐Busui, 2009 Grise et al. 2016 Xuan et al., 2015
		Diabetes mellitus (Type 2)	Increased heart rate	Aune et al., 2017	High‐fat diet for 14 weeks and single dose of STZ (30 mg·kg−1)	Li et al., 2017
		Pre‐diabetes	N/A	N/A	Single low‐dose of STZ (20 mg·kg−1) and high fat diet	Koncsos et al., 2016
		Alcoholism	No characteristic cardiovascular involvement	Koike et al., 2003	Mouse model of chronic plus binge alcohol feeding‐induced ethanol intoxication	Matyas et al., 2016
	Autoimmune	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction	Chen et al., 2016	N/A	N/A
		Rheumatoid arthritis	Conduction disturbances and arrhythmias	Buleu et al., 2019 Seferovic et al., 2006	TNF‐α‐transgenic mouse, K/bxn mouse, Collagen‐induced arthritis/Collagen‐antibody‐induced arthritis in rats and mice, Zymosan‐induced arthritis in rat, and methylated BSA mouse model	Asquith, Miller, McInnes, and Liew, 2009 Choudhary et al., 2018
		Sjögren's syndrome	Lower heart rate and BP variability	Kovacs et al., 2004	Autoimmune regulator gene deficient (Aire−/−) mice	Chen et al., 2017
	Toxic	Paclitaxel, Vincristine, and Adriamycin	Degenerative morphological alterations in cutaneous C‐fibre	Boyette‐Davis, Xin, Zhang, and Dougherty, 2011; Dux et al., 1999; Siau et al., 2006	N/A	N/A
		Statins	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Antibiotics/antiviral agents	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Industrial/agricultural toxins	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	Other	Vitamin deficiency	Atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia	Puntambekar et al., 2009	N/A	N/A
		Hypothyroidism	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Viral infections (HIV, Zika, and hepatitis C)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Guillain–Barré sy.	Arrhythmias	Vucic, Kiernan, and Cornblath, 2009	N/A	N/A

Note. N/A indicates no available data in the literature.