Table 2.
Association of race/ethnicity, demographic, economic, and occupational factors with COVID-19 deaths across U.S. Counties.
| County Characteristics | Increases in deaths per 100,000 people |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Analyses |
Multivariable Analyses |
|||||
| Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Proportion of Black non-Latino Population | 14.5 | 12.9 to 16.0 | <0.001 | 9.3 | 8.0 to 10.6 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of Latino Population | 7.6 | 6.5 to 8.8 | <0.001 | 0.4 | -1.5 to 2.4 | 0.69 |
| Proportion of Other Non-Latino Population | 5.7 | 3.1 to 8.2 | <0.001 | -11.9 | -14.0 to -9.7 | <0.001 |
| City/town population size | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.1 | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | 0.001 |
| Age, Proportion age >60 years | -6.8 | -11.2 to -2.5 | 0.002 | 28.0 | 24.2 to 31.7 | <0.001 |
| Average Household size (per 1 person increase) | 30.0 | 22.3 to 37.6 | <0.001 | 56.4 | 46.9 to 66.0 | <0.001 |
| Proportion with < HS education | 31.5 | 27.8 to 35.1 | <0.001 | 13.8 | 8.4 to 19.1 | <0.001 |
| Median income | 1.1 | -0.1 to 2.3 | 0.084 | 1.6 | 0.0 to 3.2 | 0.047 |
| Proportion of essential workers | -5.2 | -8.0 to -2.5 | <0.001 | -2.5 | -6.3 to 1.4 | 0.206 |
| Proportion of foreign-born non-citizens | 40.4 | 36.8 to 44.0 | <0.001 | 0.9 | -5.4 to 7.2 | 0.773 |
| Proportion of workers that commute using public transportation | 40.4 | 38.9 to 41.9 | <0.001 | 41.0 | 39.3 to 42.7 | <0.001 |
For univariate and multivariate analyses.
-Changes in death rates reflect a per 10% point increase in the following variables: Proportion Black, Latino, Other non-Latino population, age over 60 years, people with less than a high school education, essential workers, foreign-born non-citizens, commute to work by public transportation.
-For county population size, changes in death rates reflect a per 10,000 people increase.
-For average household size, changes in death rates reflect a per 1 person increase.
-For median income, changes in death rates reflect a per $10,000 increase.