Table 2.

Performance Comparison of the Proposed Sleep/Wakefulness Detection Algorithm and the Method Based on Spontaneous Body Movements

			SEN (Sleep)	SPC (Awake)	F1	ACC	κ
Movement features	Train data	SEless80%	91.41 ± 1.18	62.13 ± 3.46	85.35 ± 0.57	81.57 ± 0.35	0.55 ± 0.02
	Test data	SEless80%	88.78 ± 10.79	60.09 ± 19.48	83.28 ± 11.55	78.82 ± 10.07	0.49 ± 0.22
		SEmore80%	89.33 ± 7.23	66.67 ± 20.15	91.69 ± 4.42	86.34 ± 6.50	0.46 ± 0.16
		All	89.05 ± 9.18	63.31 ± 19.97	87.39 ± 9.73	82.49 ± 9.27	0.48 ± 0.20
Sound features	Train data	SEless80%	78.99 ± 2.61	68.03 ± 1.39	78.89 ± 1.80	75.89 ± 1.58	0.46 ± 0.03
	Test data	SEless80%	78.73 ± 16.42	78.73 ± 18.29	78.93 ± 12.45	75.85 ± 9.52	0.46 ± 0.19
		SEmore80%	77.93 ± 18.06	68.52 ± 19.87	84.02 ± 14.02	76.88 ± 18.06	0.33 ± 0.16
		All	78.34 ± 17.15	68.47 ± 18	81.42 ± 13.41	76.35 ±12.58	0.40 ± 0.19
Spike30s + Spike1h	Train data	SEless80%	90.89 ± 1.18	54.15 ± 1.68	82.97 ± 1.41	77.60 ± 1.20	0.47 ± 0.02
	Test data	SEless80%	90.36 ± 7.63	54.52 ± 19.48	82.71 ± 11.10	77.23 ± 10.31	0.46 ± 0.20
		SEmore80%	89.15 ±6.88	65.15 ± 21.09	91.51 ± 3.76	85.87 ± 5.70	0.43 ± 0.18
		All	89.77± 7.2	59.71 ± 20.86	87.01 ± 9.41	81.45 ± 9.40	0.45 ± 0.19
All the features	Train data	SEless80%	90.50 ± 1.60	72.89 ± 1.75	87.56 ± 1.36	85.04 ± 0.99	0.64 ± 0.02
	Test data	SEless80%	87.72 ± 11.24	69.87 ± 18.29	85.10 ± 10.45	82.04 ± 8.03	0.58 ± 0.19
		SEmore80%	88.02 ± 10.56	73.10 ± 18.81	91.31 ± 6.76	86.20 ± 8.98	0.50 ± 0.15
		All	87.86 ± 10.85	71.44 ± 18.51	88.13 ± 9.33	84.08 ± 8.36	0.54 ± 0.18

Note: The results are reported as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: SEN, sensitivity; SPC, specificity; F1, F1 score; ACC, accuracy; κ, Cohen’s kappa coefficient.