Table 2.

Results from Mixed-Effects Logistic Model for NMPOUs in Rural Appalachia, 2008-2020

	Unadjusted Odds Ratio	95% CI	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% CI
Male	0.87	0.69, 1.10	0.91	0.66, 1.26
White	0.98	0.60, 1.60	0.98	0.50, 1.95
Age (in years)	1.02	1.01, 1.03	1.00	0.98, 1.02
Follow-Up Visit
1 (2008-10)	Referent category		Referent category
2 (2010-11)	0.33	0.19, 0.59	0.33	0.19, 0.60
3 (2010-12)	0.21	0.12, 0.36	0.20	0.12, 0.36
4 (2012-13)	0.15	0.09, 0.27	0.17	0.10, 0.30
5 (2013-14)	0.05	0.03, 0.09	0.06	0.03, 0.10
6 (2014-16)	0.03	0.02, 0.05	0.03	0.02, 0.05
7 (2017-20)	0.02	0.01, 0.04	0.02	0.01, 0.04
Receiving Disability Benefits	3.59	2.33, 5.54	3.11	1.98, 4.90
Health Status
Poor	4.49	2.00, 10.0	3.67	1.61, 8.37
Fair	2.83	1.59, 5.03	2.41	1.30, 4.32
Good	1.75	1.01, 3.01	1.54	0.89, 2.67
Very Good	1.34	0.77, 2.32	1.31	0.76, 2.29
Excellent	Referent category		Referent category
Recent Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Methadone Maintenance	0.29	0.15, 0.56	0.29	0.15, 0.60
Residential	0.19	0.10, 0.36	0.22	0.12, 0.42
Outpatient Counseling	0.38	0.22, 0.66	0.40	0.22, 0.71
Detoxification	4.65	0.54, 40.3	4.85	0.55, 42.5