Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Full sample | Not lost to follow-up | Lost to follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 5,067 | n = 3,125 | n = 1,942 | ||||
| Frequency (%) | Mean (SD) [Range] | Frequency (%) | Mean (SD), [Range] | Frequency (%) | Mean (SD), [Range] | |
| Lonelinessa | −0.53 | −0.57 | −0.46 | |||
| (.53) | (0.51) | (0.56) | ||||
| [−1, 1] | [−1, 1] | [−1, 1] | ||||
| Sleep Disturbancea | 1.64 | 1.62 | 1.66 | |||
| (.51) | (0.51) | (0.52) | ||||
| [1,3] | [1,3] | [1,3] | ||||
| Self-reported Healtha,b | 2.92 | 2.72 | 3.24 | |||
| (1.08) | (1.02) | (1.10) | ||||
| [1,5] | [1,5] | [1,5] | ||||
| Agea | 74.31 | 72.48 | 77.26 | |||
| (7.12) | (5.88) | (7.92) | ||||
| [65, 104] | [65, 96] | [65, 104] | ||||
| Isolationa | 3.41 | 3.34 | 3.54 | |||
| (.75) | (.73) | (.76) | ||||
| [1,6] | [1,6] | [1.11,6] | ||||
| Depressiona | 1.44 | 1.24 | 1.76 | |||
| (1.91) | (1.82) | (2.02) | ||||
| [0, 8] | [0, 8] | [0, 8] | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 2,188 (43.18) | 1,270 (40.64) | 918 (47.27) | |||
| Female | 2,879 (56.82) | 1,855 (59.36) | 1,024 (52.73) | |||
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1,214 (23.96) | 656 (20.99) | 558 (28.73) | |||
| GED | 234 (4.62) | 138 (4.42) | 96 (4.94) | |||
| High-school graduate | 1,702 (33.59) | 1,068 (34.18) | 634 (32.65) | |||
| Some college | 978 (19.30) | 620 (19.84) | 358 (18.43) | |||
| College and above | 939 (18.53) | 643 (20.58) | 296 (15.24) | |||
| Race | ||||||
| White/Caucasian | 4,281 (84.49) | 2,628 (84.10) | 1,653 (85.12) | |||
| Black/African American | 628 (12.39) | 391 (12.51) | 237 (12.20) | |||
| Other | 158 (3.12) | 106 (3.39) | 52 (2.68) | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Not Hispanic | 4,688 (95.52) | 2,881 (92.19) | 1,807 (93.05) | |||
| Hispanic | 379 (7.48) | 244 (7.81) | 135 (6.95) | |||
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||||
| Lower | 855 (16.87) | 455 (14.56) | 400 (20.60) | |||
| Lower Middle | 967 (19.08) | 537 (17.18) | 430 (22.14) | |||
| Middle | 1,058 (20.88) | 665 (21.28) | 393 (20.24) | |||
| Upper Middle | 1,122 (22.14) | 734 (23.49) | 388 (19.98) | |||
| Upper | 1,065 (21.02) | 734 (23.49) | 331 (17.04) | |||
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Married | 3,081 (60.81) | 2,003 (64.10) | 1,078 (55.51) | |||
| Partnered | 90 (1.78) | 58 (1.86) | 32 (1.65) | |||
| Separated/divorced | 415 (8.19) | 273 (8.74) | 142 (7.31) | |||
| Widowed | 1,363 (26.90) | 719 (23.01) | 644 (33.16) | |||
| Never married | 118 (2.33) | 72 (2.30) | 46 (2.37) | |||
a
At baseline
b
Higher values represent worse self-reported health
Lost to follow-up is defined as missing all three variables of interest (loneliness, sleep disturbance, and self-reported health) in 2014. SD = standard deviation.