Characterization of various functionalized NANPs and NANP loaded exosomes. (A) AFM images and native-PAGE results of RNA rings with six anti-GFP Dicer Substrate (DS) RNAs, RNA cubes with six anti-GFP DS RNAs, RNA/DNA fibers with anti-GFP DS sense, RNA/DNA fibers with anti-GFP DS antisense. (B) TEM images of exosomes loaded with RNA rings with six anti-GFP DS RNAs, RNA cubes with six anti-GFP DS RNAs, RNA/DNA fibers with anti-GFP DS sense, and RNA/DNA fibers with anti-GFP DS antisense. (C) Western blot analysis of exosomal markers for CD63, ALIX, and Hsp70 in ExoQuick-TC ULTRA isolated exosomes (Exo) taken through the loading steps as negative control and exosomes loaded with anti-GFP DS RNAs (Exo/DS RNAs), RNA cubes with six anti-GFP DS RNAs (Exo/RNA cubes), RNA rings with six anti-GFP DS RNAs (Exo/RNA rings), and RNA/DNA fibers with anti-GFP DS sense (Exo/Fibers). (D) NTA analysis of ExoQuick-TC ULTRA isolated exosomes (Exo) taken through the loading steps as negative control and exosomes loaded with anti-GFP DS RNAs (Exo/DS RNAs), RNA cubes with six anti-GFP DS RNAs (Exo/RNA cubes), RNA rings with six anti-GFP DS RNAs (Exo/RNA rings), and RNA/DNA fibers with anti-GFP DS sense (Exo/Fibers).