Figure 6:

Schematic summary of the proposed mechanism of exosome-mediated delivery of different functionalized NANPs. Exosomes are loaded with NANPs, such as RNA cubes and RNA rings, that are functionalized with 6 DSRNAs, and fiber antisense and fiber sense that carry n numbers of DS RNAs and NF-kB decoys. Those NANPs are delivered by exosomes and released inside the target cells. In the cytosol, the DS RNAs will be further diced by Dicer to result in the generation of siRNAs, by which the RNAi pathway is activated. Meanwhile, the NF-kB decoys are released from the fibers, which in turn bind to NF-kB in order to prevent its nuclear translocation, thus inhibit the downstream production of IRF and IFNs.