Table 2.
Effects on IAP of interventions using food compounds in animal experimental studies
| Reference | Study design/sample | Intervention/follow-up | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johnson et al. (1984) [134] | Experimental/20 male Wistar rats |
Group 1: starch or sucrose Group 2: sucrose Group 3: starch, sucrose or guar gum Group 4: starch, sucrose or cellulose for 30 days |
Group 3: ↓ IAP activity Group 4: ↑ IAP activity |
| Montagne et al. (1999) [84] | Experimental/20 Holstein calves | Liquid diet based on skimmed milk powder and soybean protein concentrate for 60 days | ↓ IAP and AP total activities |
| Boudry et al. (2002) [85] | Experimental/45 piglets |
Group 1: Diet based on wheat Group 2: Diet based on barley Group 3: Diet based on milk for 35 days |
↑ activities of IAP and sucrase in both groups Group 1: ↑ dipeptidyl-peptidase IV activity Group 1 and 2: ↑ sodium-dependent glucose absorption, ↓ diarrhea |
| Sogabe et al. (2004) [88] | Experimental/16 Sprague-Dawley strain female rats | Glucose diet and lactose diet for 21 days |
↑ level of IAP activity in the jejunum from the lactose group rats ↑ IAP mRNA expression |
| Montoya et al. (2006) [87] | Experimental/10 female Wistar rats | Protein-free diet, as compared to casein, in slightly energy-restricted rats fed for 10 days |
Protein-free diet—↓villus width, height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum ↓ IAP |
| Sogabe et al. (2007) [94] | Experimental/26 Sprague-Dawley rats |
Group 1: vitamin K1 Group 2: vitamin K2 Both orally administered for 90 days |
↑ IAP in both group |
| Kaur et al. (2007) [135] | Experimental/16 Wistar strain rats |
Group 1: coconut oil Group 2: corn oil Group 3: cod liver oil Group 4: Saline Analyses 5 h after oral administration |
Groups 1, 2, and 3: ↑ serum AP activity, ↑ Luminal IAP activity |
| Lynes et al. (2011) [28] | Experimental/adult male C57BL/6 mice | Diet rich in long-chain fatty acids |
↑ IAP in the microvillus brush-border membrane of enterocytes ↑ secretion into the gastrointestinal tract |
| Haraikawa et al. (2011) [95] | Experimental/21 male ICR strain mice |
Group 1: vitamin K1 Group 2: vitamin K2 Analysis 4 h after oral administration |
Group 1: ↑ IAP activity in the jejunum and IAP mRNA expression Group 2: ↑ IAP mRNA expression |
| Brun et al. (2012) [71] | Experimental/18 male Sprague-Dawley inbred rats |
Group 1: 0.2 g % Ca diet Group 2: 1 g % Ca diet Group 3: 2 g % Ca diet Orally supplemented for 3 days |
All groups: ↑ IAP activity in the brush border |
| Riggle et al. (2013) [60] | Experimental/30 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats—necrotizing enterocolitis | 4 or 40 glycine units of bovine IAP intraperitoneally for 3 days | ↓TNF-α; IL-6; IL-1β |
| Ghosh et al. (2014b) [98] | Experimental/ LDLR−/−mice | Western diet for 16 weeks plus 100 mg/kg of curcumin by oral gavage |
Western diet: ↑ LPS levels, glucose intolerance and/or heart disease; ↓ intestinal barrier, ↓ IAP activity, expression of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and Claudin-1 Curcumin: ↓ LPS levels, ↓ lesions in the aortic arch and entire aorta; ↑ intestinal barrier, IAP activity, glucose tolerance, expression of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and Claudin-1 |
| Okazaki et al. (2017) [89] | Experimental/male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with diet containing 30% lard | 4% high or low viscous glucomannan for 2 weeks |
↑ colonic AP activity, colonic and gene expression of IAP, fecal levels of IgA, mucins and cecal organic acids ↔ colonic expression of Akp3 |
| Okazaki et al. (2019) [90] | Experimental/42 male Sprague-Dawley rats |
Group 1: Control Group 2: Fructooligosaccharides Group 3: Galactooligosaccharides Group 4: Isomaltooligosaccharides Group 5: Raffinose Group 6: Lactulose |
Groups 2, 3, 5, and 6: ↑ IAP activity, fecal AP activity, colonic IAP gene expression, fecal mucins, fecal IgA, Bifidobacterium spp. ↓ pH of caecal digesta, C. coccoides and C. leptum Groups 2, 3, and 4: ↑ ileum AP activity Groups 2 and 5: ↑ colonic expression on Akp3 |
| Rentea et al. (2019) [77] | Experimental/ newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups |
Group 1: Vaginal birth breast fed Group 2: Vaginal birth formula fed Group 3: Preterm cesarean breast fed Group 4: Preterm cesarean formula fed Group 5: Term cesarean breast fed Group 6: Term cesarean formula fed |
Group 1: ↑ IAP mRNA expression Formula fed: ↓ IAP mRNA expression Breastfed: ↑ IAP mRNA expression |
IAP, intestinal alcaline phosphatase; TNF-α, tumoral necrosis fator alpha; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ZO-1, tight junction protein 1; Akp3, alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring