Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with hypertension and COVID-19
| All population | Survivors | Non survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 590 | n = 334 | n = 256 | ||
| Age—median (IQR) (years) | 76.2 (68.2–82.6) | 72.9 (64.1–80.2) | 79.5 (73.9–84.8) | < 0.001 |
| Male gender no. (%) | 399 (67.6) | 212 (63.5) | 187 (73.0) | 0.014 |
| Chronic disease | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease—no. (%) | 95 (16.1) | 50 (15.0) | 45 (17.6) | 0.393 |
| Hyperlipidemia—no. (%) | 205 (34.7) | 113 (33.8) | 92 (35.9) | 0.595 |
| Diabetes—no. (%) | 137 (23.2) | 70 (21.0) | 67 (26.2) | 0.137 |
| Atrial fibrillation—no. (%) | 101 (17.1) | 49 (14.7) | 52 (20.3) | 0.071 |
| COPD—no. (%) | 121 (20.5) | 69 (20.7) | 52 (20.3) | 0.918 |
| CKD—no. (%) | 90 (15.3) | 32 (9.6) | 58 (22.7) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke—no. (%) | 21 (3.6) | 8 (2.4) | 13 (5.1) | 0.081 |
| Malignancy—no. (%) | 47 (8.0) | 23 (6.9) | 24 (9.4) | 0.269 |
| 3 or more comorbidities—no. (%) | 240 (40.7) | 124 (37.1) | 116 (45.3) | 0.045 |
| Respiratory support | ||||
| OTI—no. (%) | 76 (12.9) | 47 (14.1) | 29 (11.3) | 0.324 |
| NIV—no. (%) | 113 (19.2) | 37 (11.1) | 76 (29.7) | < 0.001 |
| Symptoms at onset of illness | ||||
| Fever—no. (%) | 450 (76.3) | 231 (69.1) | 219 (85.5) | 0.550 |
| Cough—no. (%) | 227 (38.5) | 138 (41.3) | 89 (34.8) | 0.001 |
| Dyspnea—no. (%) | 358 (60.7) | 171 (51.2) | 187 (73.0) | 0.058 |
| Diarrhea—no. (%) | 37 (6.3) | 26 (7.8) | 11 (4.3) | 0.010 |
| Vital signs at admission | ||||
| Temperature (°C)—median (IQR) | 37.5 (36.8–38.3) | 37.4 (36.8–38.2) | 37.5 (36.7–38.3) | 0.934 |
| SBP (mmHg)—median (IQR) | 130.0 (115.0–145.0) | 130.0 (120.0–147.5) | 130 (113.5–145.0) | 0.394 |
| PaO2/FiO2—median (IQR) | 238.1 (152.4–290.5) | 263.9 (211.3–302.3) | 200.0 (112.9–279.4) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 < 300—no. (%) | 375 (63.3) | 164 (49.1) | 211 (82.8) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters—median (IQR) | ||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.9–1.6) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | < 0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 413.0 (305.0–537.0) | 385.0 (297.0–486.0) | 462.0 (338.0–601.5) | < 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 11.3 (5.8–17.5) | 9.9 (5.0–15.5) | 12.9 (7.2–19.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 (12.0–14.7) | 13.6 (12.5–14.8) | 13.1 (11.6–14.6) | 0.025 |
| White blood cell count (103/L) | 6.9 (5.2–9.3) | 6.6 (5.0–8.9) | 7.2 (5.6–10.1) | 0.019 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 11.9 (6.4–17.9) | 13.4 (7.8–19.3) | 9.7 (5.4–16.6) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia classification | ||||
| COVID severe—no. (%) | 229 (38.8) | 40 (12.0) | 189 (73.8) | < 0.001 |
| Curb 65 severe—no. (%) | 100 (16.9) | 44 (13.2) | 56 (21.9) | 0.005 |
| qSOFA severe—no. (%) | 59 (10.0) | 39 (11.7) | 20 (7.8) | 0.121 |
IQR, interquartile range, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, OTI orotracheal intubation, NIV non-invasive ventilation, SBP systolic blood pressure, PaO2/FiO2 partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, qSOFA quick sequential organ failure assessment