Table 3.
Factors associated with hypertension, by sex (N=886).
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate N | OR | aOR (N=333)* | Bivariate N | OR | aOR (N=531)* | |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 5-year increase | 346 | 1.26 (1.11-1.43) | 1.40 (1.23-1.60) | 540 | 1.32 (1.21-1.45) | 1.34 (1.22-1.47) |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 10 | 3.89 (0.79-19.2) | 57 | 1.43 (0.86-2.36) | ||
| Primary | 98 | ref | 186 | ref | ||
| Secondary or higher | 237 | 1.50 (0.86-2.59) | 297 | 0.35 (0.20-0.62) | ||
| Time in current neighborhood | ||||||
| ≤3 years | 137 | 1.91 (1.15-3.17) | 3.32 (1.79-6.17) | 239 | 0.61 (0.37-1.01) | |
| >3 years | 208 | ref | ref | 301 | ref | |
| Health status | ||||||
| Did not receive needed care in past 6 months | ||||||
| Yes | 88 | 1.35 (0.77-2.35) | 144 | 2.55 (1.47-4.45) | 2.82 (1.35-5.88) | |
| No | 258 | ref | 396 | ref | ref | |
| Kessler-6 psychological distress score | ||||||
| 1-point increase | 346 | 0.96 (0.89-1.02) | 538 | 1.09 (1.02-1.17) | ||
| Individual risk factors | ||||||
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 34 | 0.30 (0.06-1.53) | 0.33 (0.05-2.28) | 44 | 0.68 (0.26-1.78) | 0.81 (0.27-2.48) |
| Normal (18.5-<25) | 228 | ref | ref | 230 | ref | ref |
| Overweight (25-<30) | 61 | 2.08 (1.07-4.04) | 1.13 (0.54-2.35) | 170 | 1.95 (1.12-3.38) | 1.90 (1.09-3.33) |
| Obese (>=30) | 11 | 1.46 (0.34-6.28) | 0.99 (0.22-4.43) | 87 | 4.31 (2.10-8.86) | 5.73 (2.49-13.19) |
| Central obesity | ||||||
| Yes | 21 | 6.23 (1.74-22.35) | 302 | 2.79 (1.71-4.56) | ||
| No | 321 | ref | 231 | ref | ||
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| Current smoker | 45 | 1.05 (0.49-2.23) | 21 | 0.60 (0.12-2.96) | ||
| Previous or never smoker | 301 | ref | 519 | ref | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| At least twice a week | 106 | 0.77 (0.42-1.43) | 39 | 0.44 (0.14-1.41) | ||
| Less than twice a week or never | 240 | ref | 501 | ref | ||
| Consumes fried food at least once a day | ||||||
| Yes | 244 | 1.09 (0.50-2.37) | 357 | 0.45 (0.27-0.76) | ||
| No | 102 | ref | 181 | ref | ||
| Adds salty seasoning or sauce to foods | ||||||
| Always or often | 95 | 0.98 (0.43-2.19) | 164 | 0.94 (0.58-1.51) | ||
| Sometimes, rarely, or never | 246 | ref | 374 | ref | ||
| Household environment | ||||||
| Cooking location | ||||||
| Indoor | 210 | 1.05 (0.60-1.83) | 337 | 0.66 (0.40-1.09) | ||
| Outdoor | 126 | ref | 202 | ref | ||
| Number of household members | ||||||
| 1-person increase | 346 | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | 540 | 0.94 (0.86-1.03) | ||
| Waypoint hypertension prevalence (excluding self) | ||||||
| 5 percentage point increase | 346 | 1.40 (1.23-1.61) | 1.42 (1.19-1.70) | 540 | 1.24 (1.14-1.35) | 1.26 (1.17-1.36) |