TABLE 3.
Contemporaneous associations between lifestyle factors and cognitive scores (between- and within-person effects).
|
Immediate verbal recall |
Delayed verbal recall |
Digit Span |
Verbal fluency |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimate | SE | pa | R2 | ICCb | p (full model)c | Estimate | SE | pa | R2 | ICCb | p (full model)c | Estimate | SE | pa | R2 | ICCb | p (full model)c | Estimate | SE | pa | R2 | ICCb | p (full model)c | |
| Vegetable and fruit intake (*100g/day) | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.12 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.39 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.22 | <0.01 | ||||
| Between-person effect | 0.1 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 0.05 | <0.01 | 0.15 | ||||||||
| Within-person effect | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.12 | ||||||||
| BMI | –0.02 | 0 | <0.01 | 0.21 | <0.01 | –0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 | –0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.17 | <0.01 | –0.05 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.23 | <0.01 | ||||
| Between-person effect | –0.02 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.13 | –0.02 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.13 | –0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.13 | –0.06 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.15 | ||||||||
| Within-person effect | –0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.09 | –0.05 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.09 | –0.03 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 0.11 | ||||||||
| WHR | –0.09 | 0.2 | 0.65 | 0.21 | 0.77 | –0.12 | 0.24 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.045 | –1.93 | 0.6 | <0.01 | 0.24 | 0.02 | ||||
| Between-person effect | –0.12 | 0.27 | 0.67 | 0.09 | –0.15 | 0.32 | 0.65 | 0.13 | –0.12 | 0.46 | 0.8 | 0.13 | –0.24 | 0.87 | 0.79 | 0.15 | ||||||||
| Within-person effect | –0.06 | 0.3 | 0.84 | 0.12 | –0.08 | 0.35 | 0.82 | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.49 | 0.06 | 0.1 | –3.65 | 0.87 | <0.01 | 0.11 | ||||||||
| Physical activity level | 0.17 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.19 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.09 | <0.01 | 0.99 | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.19 | <0.01 | ||||
| Between-person effect | 0.16 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 1.2 | 0.1 | <0.01 | 0.17 | ||||||||
| Within-person effect | 0.18 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | <0.01 | 0.13 | ||||||||
| Sedentary time (hours/day) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.18 | –0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.11 | <0.01 | 0.15 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.17 | <0.01 | ||||
| Between-person effect | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.15 | ||||||||
| Within-person effect | 0 | 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.85 | 0.09 | –0.07 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.12 | ||||||||
aAdjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, drinking, and self-reported common chronic health conditions including arthritis, angina, diabetes, chronic lung disease, asthma, hypertension, depression and cataract. bConditional intraclass correlation. cAdditionally adjusted for all other lifestyle factors of this study.