Table 2.
Changes in outcome measures across time points in the SGT and control groups.
| Time | SGT group (n = 12) | Control group (n = 11) | Contrastsa | P | Unadjusted Fb | P | Adjusted Fc | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FMA-UE | 3.653 | 0.034* | 4.479 | 0.018* | ||||
| T1 | 33.83 ± 13.99 | 35.55 ± 15.06 | ||||||
| T2 | 47.83 ± 14.26 | 45.09 ± 15.40 | T1 to T2 | 0.316 | ||||
| T3 | 55.42 ± 11.20 | 46.91 ± 14.98 | T1 to T3 | 0.023* | ||||
| FMA-proximal | 0.441 | 0.580 | 0.703 | 0.465 | ||||
| T1 | 23.58 ± 8.01 | 21.73 ± 7.50 | ||||||
| T2 | 29.25 ± 7.34 | 27.64 ± 7.30 | T1 to T2 | 0.928 | ||||
| T3 | 31.00 ± 6.54 | 27.73 ± 6.68 | T1 to T3 | 0.608 | ||||
| FMA-distal | 5.182 | 0.010* | 7.169 | 0.002* | ||||
| T1 | 8.50 ± 6.60 | 11.09 ± 7.50 | ||||||
| T2 | 15.33 ± 7.06 | 15.73 ± 6.99 | T1 to T2 | 0.211 | ||||
| T3 | 19.17 ± 6.25 | 16.09 ± 7.40 | T1 to T3 | 0.032* | ||||
| FMA-coordination/speed | 2.973 | 0.062 | 5.780 | 0.006* | ||||
| T1 | 1.75 ± 2.01 | 2.73 ± 2.05 | ||||||
| T2 | 3.25 ± 2.22 | 3.64 ± 1.86 | T1 to T2 | 0.347 | ||||
| T3 | 3.92 ± 1.68 | 3.09 ± 2.34 | T1 to T3 | 0.079 | ||||
| Jebsen Hand Function Test | 1.329 | 0.271 | 1.641 | 0.213 | ||||
| T1 | 7.00 ± 11.70 | 9.09 ± 17.48 | ||||||
| T2 | 25.92 ± 26.95 | 26.91 ± 27.97 | T1 to T2 | 0.928 | ||||
| T3 | 40.08 ± 30.02 | 29.64 ± 33.10 | T1 to T3 | 0.288 | ||||
| Box and Block Test | 3.560 | 0.046* | 2.917 | 0.072 | ||||
| T1 | 10.75 ± 12.93 | 9.91 ± 15.20 | ||||||
| T2 | 19.08 ± 17.14 | 22.91 ± 19.43 | T1 to T2 | 0.235 | ||||
| T3 | 31.33 ± 19.19 | 23.82 ± 15.87 | T1 to T3 | 0.260 | ||||
| Grip strength | 0.645 | 0.530 | 0.803 | 0.455 | ||||
| T1 | 12.33 ± 10.49 | 14.71 ± 18.04 | ||||||
| T2 | 19.75 ± 13.62 | 23.80 ± 25.35 | T1 to T2 | 0.695 | ||||
| T3 | 24.67 ± 14.54 | 24.03 ± 20.88 | T1 to T3 | 0.608 | ||||
| MBI-UE | 2.165 | 0.138 | 1.546 | 0.229 | ||||
| T1 | 16.83 ± 6.24 | 11.55 ± 5.66 | ||||||
| T2 | 20.75 ± 5.59 | 20.00 ± 6.07 | T1 to T2 | 0.051 | ||||
| T3 | 25.17 ± 5.95 | 21.64 ± 4.84 | T1 to T3 | 0.786 | ||||
| Carer Burden Scale | 0.537 | 0.588 | 0.813 | 0.451 | ||||
| T1 | 10.50 ± 3.87 | 12.82 ± 4.33 | ||||||
| T2 | 7.25 ± 3.60 | 9.91 ± 4.32 | T1 to T2 | 0.695 | ||||
| T3 | 6.17 ± 2.95 | 9.36 ± 4.72 | T1 to T3 | 0.566 |
Variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
SGT, smart glove training; FMA-UE, Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity; MBI-UE, Modified Barthel Index-upper extremity.
a
Comparisons of the changes between groups with the Mann-Whitney U-test.
b
Time × group interaction in repeated-measures analysis of variance.
c
Time × group interaction adjusted for age and disease duration in repeated-measures analysis of covariance.
*
p < 0.05.