Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients in different groups before diagnosis of bloodstream infection.
| Characteristic | All patients | S-KP | MDR-KP | XDR-KP | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 297 | 114 | 99 | 84 | |
| Gender∮ (Male, %) | 202 (68) | 73 (64) | 69 (69.6) | 60 (71.4) | 0.246 |
| Age∯ (Years) | 55 ± 16 | 55 ± 16 | 56 ± 16 | 53 ± 16 | 0.798 |
| Hospital before1∮ | 149 (50.1) | 43 (37.7) | 47 (47.4) | 59 (70.2) | 0.001 |
| ICU before1∮ | 113 (38) | 21 (18.4) | 33 (33.3) | 59 (70.2) | <0.001 |
| Surgery2∮ | 105 (35.3) | 25 (21.9) | 35 (35.3) | 45 (53.5) | <0.001 |
| Invasive operation3∮ | |||||
| CVC | 144 (48.4) | 35 (30.7) | 49 (49.4) | 60 (71.4) | <0.001 |
| Subclavian vein | 89 (61.8) | 26 (74.2) | 25 (51) | 38 (63.3) | 0.081 |
| Internal jugular vein | 46 (31.9) | 7 (20) | 21 (42.8) | 18 (30) | 0.082 |
| Femoral vein | 9 (6.2) | 2 (5.7) | 3 (6.1) | 4 (6.6) | 1 |
| Dialysis tube | 46 (15.4) | 12 (10.5) | 14 (14.1) | 20 (23.8) | 0.062 |
| Arteriopuncture | 183 (61.6) | 57 (50) | 55 (55.5) | 71 (84.5) | 0.001 |
| Trachea cannula | 87 (29.2) | 15 (13.1) | 34 (34.3) | 38 (45.2) | <0.001 |
| Tracheotomy | 32 (10.7) | 4 (3.5) | 14 (14.1) | 14 (16.6) | 0.001 |
| Thoracentesis | 16 (5.3) | 0 | 11 (11.1) | 5 (5.9) | 0.001 |
| Abdominocentesis | 18 (6) | 6 (5.2) | 7 (7.1) | 5 (5.9) | 0.649 |
| Lumbar puncture | 23 (7.7) | 6 (5.2) | 9 (9.1) | 8 (9.5) | 0.207 |
| Bone marrow aspiration | 35 (11.7) | 13 (11.4) | 10 (10.1) | 12 (14.2) | 0.872 |
| Indwelling catheter | 168 (56.5) | 45 (39.4) | 56 (56.5) | 67 (79.7) | <0.001 |
| Indwelling gastric tube | 120 (40.4) | 30 (26.3) | 36 (36.3) | 54 (64.2) | <0.001 |
| Organ transplantation4∮ | 9 (3) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1) | 6 (7.1) | 0.311 |
| Application of antibiotics1∮ | 96 (32.3) | 29 (25.4) | 36 (36.3) | 31 (36.9) | 0.045 |
| Glucocorticoid1∮ | 18 (6) | 4 (3.5) | 8 (8.1) | 6 (7.1) | 0.146 |
| Immunosuppressant1∮ | 22 (7.4) | 7 (6.1) | 9 (9.1) | 6 (7.1) | 0.510 |
| Hospital infection∮ | 162 (54.5) | 58 (50.8) | 54 (54.5) | 50 (59.5) | 0.316 |
| Hospital days before infection∰ | 10 [4,20] | 6 [3,11] | 11 [5,23] | 16 [9,24] | <0.001 |
| Inpatient department5 | |||||
| Internal Medicine | 106 (35.6) | 54 (47.3) | 34 (34.3) | 18 (21.4) | 0.001 |
| Surgery Ward | 64 (21.5) | 24 (21) | 26 (26.2) | 14 (16.6) | 0.87 |
| ICU | 127 (42.7) | 36 (31.5) | 39 (39.3) | 52 (61.9) | 0.002 |
| Pitt bacteremia score∰ | 2 [0,4] | 1 [0,2] | 2 [0,5] | 3 [1,6] | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index∰ | 3 [2,4] | 3[2,5] | 3 [2,4] | 2 [1,4] | 0.443 |
| Basic diseases∮ | |||||
| Hypertension | 86 (28.9) | 31 (27.1) | 26 (26.2) | 29 (34.5) | 0.579 |
| Diabetes | 69 (23.2) | 17 (14.9) | 25 (25.2) | 27 (32.1) | 0.007 |
| Chronic renal failure | 47 (15.8) | 19 (16.6) | 10 (10.1) | 18 (21.4) | 0.754 |
| Liver insufficiency | 47 (15.8) | 17 (14.9) | 14 (14.1) | 16 (19) | 0.734 |
| Solid Organ Cancer | 36 (12.1) | 14 (12.2) | 14 (14.1) | 8 (9.5) | 0.947 |
| Blood disease | 40 (13.4) | 16 (14) | 11 (11.1) | 13 (15.4) | 0.821 |
| Coronary heart disease | 58 (19.5) | 21 (18.4) | 16 (16.1) | 21 (25) | 0.704 |
| Respiratory failure∮ | 60 (20.2) | 14 (12.2) | 13 (13.1) | 33 (39.2) | 0.007 |
| Hypoalbuminemia∮ | 90 (30.3) | 27 (23.6) | 31 (31.3) | 32 (38) | 0.05 |
| White blood cell∰ | 9 [5.5,14.4] | 8.2 [4.8,13.5] | 8.2 [5.5,14.1] | 10.5 [6.3,16.4] | 0.339 |
| Alanine aminotrans∰ | 30 [16,61] | 33 [17,60] | 30 [17,59] | 27 [16,66] | 0.329 |
| Creatinine∰ | 69 [49,106] | 69 [50,90] | 62 [48,95] | 85 [53,171] | 0.94 |
| Septic shock∮ | 63 (21.2) | 11 (9.6) | 20 (20.2) | 32 (38.1) | <0.001 |
| MODS∮ | 48 (16.1) | 7 (6.1) | 14 (14.1) | 27 (32.1) | <0.001 |
| APACHEII∯; score∰ | 11 [6,18] | 8 [5,14] | 12 [7,17] | 17 [9,22] | <0.001 |
| SOFA score∰ | 4 [2,7] | 3 [2,6] | 4 [2,7] | 7 [3,10] | 0.006 |
| Mechanical ventilation∮ | 95 (31.9) | 12 (10.5) | 36 (36.3) | 47 (55.9) | <0.001 |
130 days before this hospitalization; 290 days before this hospitalization; 330 days before positive blood culture; 4Before this hospitalization (no matter how long ago); 5The in-patient department on the day of blood sampling and examination; ∮ n (n%); ∯ Mean ± SD; ∰ Median[IQR]
n sample size, S-KP sensitive K. pneumoniae, MDR-KP multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae, XDR-KP extensively drug resistant K. pneumoniae, ICU intensive care unit, CVC central venous catheter, MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment.
*Single factor comparison: The comparison of susceptibility (n=114) and drug resistance (n=183), in which drug resistance includes MDR-KP and XDR-KP. Chi-Square Test is used to calculate the two-category variables, t-test is used to calculate the normal distribution variables, and Mann-Whitney U Test is used to calculate the variables with non-normal distribution and uneven variance.