Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of HIV‐positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Lesotho, Malawi, Eswatini, Zambia and Zimbabwe (2015 to 2017)
| Characteristic | Lesotho | Malawi | Eswatini | Zambia | Zimbabwe | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2177 | N = 1406 | N = 2025 | N = 1424 | N = 2168 | N = 9200 | |
| Residence, n (%) | 2177 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2025 (100.0) | 1424 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9200 (100.0) |
| Urban | 991 (49.8) | 644 (24.9) | 487 (29.1) | 868 (62.3) | 656 (35.8) | 3646 (40.5) |
| Rural | 1186 (50.2) | 762 (75.1) | 1538 (70.9) | 556 (37.7) | 1512 (64.2) | 5554 (59.5) |
| Sex, n (%) | 2177 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2025 (100.0) | 1424 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9200 (100.0) |
| Male | 646 (38.0) | 401 (35.6) | 587 (30.3) | 414 (35.8) | 660 (36.3) | 2708 (35.8) |
| Female | 1531 (62.0) | 1005 (64.4) | 1438 (69.7) | 1010 (64.2) | 1508 (63.7) | 6492 (64.2) |
| Age in years, n (%) | 2177 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2025 (100.0) | 1424 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9200 (100.0) |
| 15 to 19 | 56 (2.7) | 22 (2.0) | 70 (3.3) | 29 (2.6) | 83 (4.6) | 260 (3.1) |
| 20 to 24 | 116 (4.7) | 76 (4.3) | 124 (6.1) | 65 (4.9) | 85 (4.4) | 466 (4.6) |
| 25 to 44 | 1293 (61.6) | 923 (65.0) | 1294 (67.0) | 895 (62.2) | 1287 (61.4) | 5692 (62.9) |
| 45 to 59 | 712 (30.9) | 385 (28.7) | 537 (23.6) | 435 (30.3) | 713 (29.7) | 2782 (29.3) |
| Median (IQR) | 39 (32 to −47) | 39 (32 to 45) | 37 (30 to 44) | 40 (33 to 46) | 39 (32 to 46) | 39 (32 to 46) |
| Wealth quintile, n (%) | 2174 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2024 (100.0) | 1413 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9185 (100.0) |
| Lowest | 440 (17.4) | 147 (14.1) | 512 (23.1) | 119 (8.2) | 554 (21.1) | 1772 (15.8) |
| Second | 493 (21.3) | 172 (17.0) | 457 (21.7) | 157 (10.8) | 436 (18.6) | 1715 (16.7) |
| Middle | 480 (22.5) | 193 (18.3) | 429 (20.7) | 295 (20.2) | 399 (19.2) | 1796 (19.6) |
| Fourth | 400 (20.0) | 287 (23.4) | 349 (19.2) | 371 (26.0) | 393 (21.7) | 1800 (22.9) |
| Highest | 361 (18.8) | 607 (27.1) | 277 (15.3) | 471 (34.8) | 386 (19.3) | 2102 (24.9) |
| Education, n (%) | 2176 (100.0) | 1405 (100.0) | 2022 (100.0) | 1424 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9195 (100.0) |
| No or primary | 1309 (59.1) | 999 (77.5) | 890 (41.3) | 649 (44.0) | 891 (36.9) | 4738 (51.7) |
| Secondary or higher | 867 (40.9) | 406 (22.5) | 1132 (58.7) | 775 (56.0) | 1277 (63.1) | 4457 (48.3) |
| Marital status, n (%) | 2171 (100.0) | 1404 (100.0) | 2012 (100.0) | 1420 (100.0) | 2163 (100.0) | 9170 (100.0) |
| Never married | 330 (15.5) | 76 (4.6) | 654 (33.0) | 133 (10.2) | 208 (10.0) | 1401 (10.6) |
| Married/living together | 1130 (54.4) | 909 (65.9) | 1019 (50.5) | 873 (63.1) | 1287 (61.0) | 5218 (61.5) |
| Divorced, separated or widowed | 711 (30.1) | 419 (29.5) | 339 (16.5) | 414 (26.7) | 668 (29.0) | 2551 (27.9) |
| Economic support, n (%) | 2177 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2025 (100.0) | 1424 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9200 (100.0) |
| No | 1720 (80.4) | 1302 (91.1) | 1204 (60.7) | 1364 (95.8) | 1871 (87.1) | 7461 (88.1) |
| Yes | 457 (19.6) | 104 (8.9) | 821 (39.3) | 60 (4.2) | 297 (12.9) | 1739 (11.9) |
| Paid work, n (%) | 2177 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2025 (100.0) | 1421 (100.0) | 2167 (100.0) | 9196 (100.0) |
| Yes | 871 (43.9) | 480 (32.8) | 936 (48.5) | 537 (40.2) | 763 (37.4) | 3587 (38.2) |
| No | 1306 (56.1) | 926 (67.2) | 1089 (51.5) | 884 (59.8) | 1404 (62.6) | 5609 (61.8) |
| Disclosure to a family member, n (%) | 2177 (100.0) | 1406 (100.0) | 2025 (100.0) | 1424 (100.0) | 2168 (100.0) | 9200 (100.0) |
| No | 540 (25.9) | 344 (24.2) | 660 (32.6) | 291 (20.5) | 507 (24.9) | 2342 (24.2) |
| Yes | 1525 (68.1) | 977 (69.4) | 1307 (64.1) | 1005 (70.1) | 1544 (68.8) | 6358 (69.0) |
| Unknown (unaware of HIV status) | 112 (5.9) | 85 (6.4) | 58 (3.3) | 128 (9.3) | 117 (6.3) | 500 (6.9) |
IQR, interquartile range; N, Number of eligible participants; n, number of participants providing a valid response (weighted %).