Table 3.

Genetic variance and heritability estimates of S₁ families derived from four cycles of selection in an early yellow population evaluated under managed drought at Ikenne during the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 dry seasons in Nigeria.

Trait	Genetic variance				Heritability
	C0†	C1	C2	C3	C0	C1	C2	C3
Grain yield	50,858 ± 20,488*	89,438 ± 26,423**	23,048 ± 17,674	133,219 ± 59,021*	0.50 ± 0.20*	0.65 ± 0.19*	0.29 ± 0.22	0.46 ± 0.21*
Days to anthesis	1.38 ± 0.57*	1.45 ± 0.53*	1.69 ± 0.61*	0.40 ± 0.31	0.49 ± 0.20*	0.55 ± 0.20*	0.55 ± 0.20*	0.28 ± 0.22
Days to silking	1.26 ± 1.05	2.88 ± 1.18*	2.10 ± 1.18	1.28 ± 0.68	0.27 ± 0.22	0.50 ± 0.20*	0.38 ± 0.21	0.40 ± 0.21
Anthesls-sllklng Interval	0.73 ± 0.41	0.56 ± 0.40	1.69 ± 0.62*	0.26 ± 0.19	0.38 ± 0.21	0.31 ± 0.22	0.55 ± 0.20*	0.30 ± 0.22
Plant height	72 ± 40	73 ± 29*	24 ± 28	0 ± 29	0.38 ± 0.21	0.50 ± 0.20*	0.19 ± 0.23	0.00 ± 0.28
Ear height	45 ± 16*	38 ± 18*	33 ± 16*	11 ± 16	0.54 ± 0.20*	0.44 ± 0.21*	0.42 ± 0.21*	0.17 ± 0.24
Husk cover	0.014 ± 0.016	0.039 ± 0.018*	0.009 ± 0.017	0.009 ± 0.010	0.20 ± 0.23	0.44 ± 0.21*	0.13 ± 0.24	0.20 ± 0.23
Plant aspect	0.0049 ± 0.018	0.0202 ± 0.017	0.0002 ± 0.018	0.0153 ± 0.015	0.07 ± 0.25	0.27 ± 0.22	0.00 ± 0.26	0.23 ± 0.23
Ear aspect	0.011 ± 0.011	0.029 ± 0.011*	0.003 ± 0.012	0.034 ± 0.016*	0.24 ± 0.23	0.54 ± 0.20*	0.06 ± 0.25	0.44 ± 0.21*
Ears per plant	0.006 ± 0.003*	0.014 ± 0.004**	0.005 ± 0.002*	0.006 ± 0.003*	0.44 ± 0.21*	0.68 ± 0.19**	0.43 ± 0.21*	0.54 ± 0.20*
Stay-green characteristic	0.029 ± 0.023	0.000 ± 0.032	0.050 ± 0.039	0.000 ± 0.018	0.28 ± 0.22	0.00 ± 0.26	0.29 ± 0.22	0.00 ± 0.29

Significant at the 0,05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.

^†C₀, C₁, C₂, and C₃ referto the base population, Cycle 1, Cycle 2, and Cycle 3, respectively.