Table 1.
Causes and predisposing factors for ARDS
| Factor | Association | |
|---|---|---|
| Individual | Age | Risk |
| Male gender | Risk | |
| Genetic | Genes | Risk |
| Polymorphisms | Risk and severity | |
| Anatomic | Malformations | Risk |
| Structural defects | Risk | |
| Comorbidities | Aspiration of gastric contents | Causative |
| Acute pancreatitis | Risk | |
| Chronic alcohol abuse | Risk and severity | |
| Coronary artery disease | Risk and severity | |
| Diabetes | Risk and severity | |
| Embolism (air, fat, amniotic fluid) | Causative | |
| History of smoking | Risk and severity | |
| Ischemia-reperfusion injury | Causative | |
| Multiple transfusions of blood products | Risk | |
| Pulmonary contusion | Causative | |
| Pulmonary infection | Causative | |
| Sepsis | Risk | |
| Severe trauma with shock | Risk | |
| Vasculitis | Causative | |
| Environmental | Burn (massive) | Risk |
| Inhalational injury (smoke, noxious gases) | Causative | |
| Medications (opioids, salicylates, amiodarone, tocolytics, chemotherapy) | Risk | |
| Near drowning | Causative | |
| Thoracic irradiation | Causative | |