Table 1.
Demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and treatments of COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
| Variablesa | Total (N = 749) |
Survivors (N = 671) |
Non-survivors (N = 78) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 60 (15) | 58 (15) | 71 (11) | <0.01 |
| Male, No. (%) | 356 (48) | 300 (45) | 56 (72) | <0.01 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 65 (11) | 65 (11) | 66 (11) | 0.45 |
| Clinical characteristics at admission | ||||
| SOFA score | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 3 (2–5) | <0.01 |
| Symptoms, No. (%) | ||||
| Feverb | 567 (76) | 513 (76) | 54 (69) | 0.16 |
| Cough | 460 (61) | 412 (61) | 48 (62) | 0.98 |
| Fatigue | 346 (46) | 308 (46) | 38 (49) | 0.64 |
| Dyspnea | 226 (30) | 191 (28) | 35 (45) | <0.01 |
| Sputum | 187 (25) | 160 (24) | 27 (35) | 0.04 |
| Underlying diseasesb | 297 (40) | 253 (38) | 44 (56) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 235 (31) | 199 (30) | 36 (46) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 85 (11) | 73 (11) | 12 (15) | 0.24 |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 47 (6) | 37 (6) | 10 (13) | 0.02 |
| Coronary disease | 43 (6) | 36 (5) | 7 (9) | 0.20 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8 (1) | 5 (1) | 3 (4) | 0.04 |
| Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR) | ||||
| WBC, 109/L | 5.12 (3.92–6.77) | 4.98 (3.82–6.28) | 7.88 (5.88–11.05) | <0.01 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | 0.87 (0.63–1.19) | 0.89 (0.65–1.21) | 0.61 (0.4–0.87) | <0.01 |
| PCT, ng/mL | 0.09 (0.04–0.17) | 0.08 (0.04–0.15) | 0.21 (0.13–0.35) | <0.01 |
| HCRP, mg/L | 42.09 (9.9–106.86) | 33.62 (8.71–86.43) | 155.41 (105.28–184.3) | <0.01 |
| AST, U/L | 28.31 (19.26–44.31) | 27.23 (18.65–41.33) | 46.86 (33.51–75.24) | <0.01 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 68.68 (55.17–85.04) | 67.28 (53.96–82.08) | 89.11 (69.88–122.63) | <0.01 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0.43(0.32–0.70) | 0.40(0.31–0.62) | 0.91(0.59–2.87) | <0.01 |
| PT, s | 10.7 (10.1–11.3) | 10.6 (10.1–11.2) | 11.4 (10.7–12.5) | <0.01 |
| aPTT, s | 25.2 (22.5–28.3) | 25.1 (22.4–28.2) | 27.4 (23.5–31.0) | <0.01 |
| Plasma fibrinogen, g/L | 3.91 (2.96–4.69) | 3.82 (2.96–4.69) | 4.21 (3.32–4.97) | 0.02 |
| Platelet count, 109/L | 185 (140–235) | 187 (142–236) | 172 (127–211) | 0.02 |
| Treatments in hospital, no. (%) | ||||
| Antibiotic | 738 (99) | 660 (98) | 78 (100) | 0.62 |
| Antivirus | 671 (90) | 602 (90) | 69 (89) | 0.73 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 43 (6) | 40 (6) | 3 (4) | 0.61 |
| Anti-platelet | 86 (12) | 73 (11) | 13 (17) | 0.13 |
| LMWH | 186 (25) | 142 (21) | 44 (56) | <0.01 |
| Started prophylaxis dosagec | 109 (59) | 90 (63) | 19 (43) | 0.02 |
| Started therapeutic dosage | 77 (41) | 52 (37) | 25 (57) | |
| Corticosteroids | 158 (21) | 118 (18) | 40 (51) | <0.01 |
| Immune globulin | 367 (49) | 314 (47) | 53 (68) | <0.01 |
| HFNC | 103 (14) | 82 (12) | 21 (27) | <0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||
| Non-invasive | 258 (34) | 200 (30) | 58 (74) | <0.01 |
| Invasive | 27 (4) | 1 (0.2) | 26 (33) | <0.01 |
| ARDSb | 206 (28) | 148 (22) | 58 (74) | <0.001 |
SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; WBC=White blood cell; PCT = procalcitonin; HCRP=Hypersensitive c-reactive protein; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; PT = Prothrombin time; aPTT = activated Partial Thromboplastin Time. LMWH = Low molecular weight heparin; HFNC=High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy; ARDS = acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Continuous variables were summarized as mean (SD) or median (interquartile ranges [IQR]) where appropriate and categorical variables were number (percentage).
Fever was axillary temperature ≥ 37.3 °C. Underlying diseases included any of the following diseases: coronary disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic kid diseases. ARDS was based on the 2012 Berlin new definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome, including PEEP / CPAP ≥5 cmH2O, PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg.
Among patients starting LMWH for prophylaxis, 19 switched to therapeutic during treatment period.