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. 2021 Jan 1;11(1):268–291. doi: 10.7150/thno.47021

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Transplantation of CTs and CT-exos improved cardiac function and decreased infarct size. A: Echocardiography revealed that transplantation of CTs significantly improved the (a) ejection fraction and (b) fractional shortening and significantly reduced the final (c) systolic as well as (d) diastolic diameter compared with those of the PBS-1 group. n = 5, 9, and 8 for the sham, PBS-1, and CT groups. In addition, echocardiography revealed that cardiac function measurements, including (a) ejection fraction, (b) fractional shortening, and (c) final systolic diameter but not (d) final diastolic diameter, of the CT-exos groups were significantly superior to those of the PBS-2 group. n = 5, 4, and 6 for the sham, PBS-2, and CT-exos groups. B: The infarct size of the CTs group was significantly smaller than that of the PBS group. n = 8, and 8 for the PBS-1, and CT groups. In addition, the infarct size of the CT-exos group was significantly smaller than that of the PBS-2 group. n = 4, and 5 for the, PBS-2 and CT-exos groups. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01.