Table 3.

Summary of articles related to outpatient neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) weaning programs

Study	N	Country	Study population	NOS	LOE	Needs upon enrollment	Support	Compliance	Follow-up
Backes (2012)	46	US	Infants born to mothers on methadone maintenance at single institution	5	3b	Medical, opioid dose, social	Education, 24-hour MD, multidisciplinary clinic	11% ER visits (all NAS); 7% readmitted (all NAS)	None lost to follow-up while on tx; 80% follow-up at 1 year
Chau (2016)	22	US	Infants with NAS diagnosis at single institution	–	4	Medical, opioid dose, social	Education, multidisciplinary clinic	0 ER visits; 3 readmitted (2 NAS)	None lost to follow-up
Dickes (2017)	117	US	Infants born to mothers on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance at single institution	–	4	Medical, social	Education, transportation, home visits	5 oversedated; 14% ER visits; 7% readmitted (0 NAS)	–
Kelly (2015)	52	CA	Infants with NAS diagnosis at two hospitals	6	2b	Medical, opioid dose, social	–	2% ER visit (all NAS); 1 death	–
Lai (2017)	53	US	Infants with NAS diagnosis at single institution	–	4	Medical, social	Education, outpatient pharmacy	5 readmitted (3 NAS)	–
Oei (2001)	26	AU	Infants born to mothers on methadone maintenance at single institution	–	4	Medical, social	Education, multidisciplinary clinic	91.6% clinic attendance	None lost to follow-up
Smirk (2014)	38	AU	Infants with NAS diagnosis at single institution	6	2b	Medical, social, education	Education, home visits, phone calls	2 medication errors; 1 readmitted (1 NAS); 10% of appts. missed	–

NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; LOE, Level of Evidence; (# NAS), Indicates number or rate of NAS symptom-related healthcare interventions (e.g. ER visits, readmissions); Sx, symptoms; Tx, treatment; Appts, appointments.

Country codes: AU, Australia, CA, Canada, FI, Finland, CH, Switzerland, TW, Taiwan, US, United States of America.