Table 2.

Discussion themes and summary of findings

Theme	Sub-theme	Definition	Summary of findings	Solutions
Motivation and facilitators	Self-interest/individual experience	Research helps participant directly. Experience with the condition or friend/family experience with the condition	Benefitting self Research improves longevity and quality of life	Provide enough information up front for potential subjects to understand and recognize the potential benefits to themselves and others
	Helping others/society	Hopefulness/anticipation about participation benefitting the next generation, helping to find a cure or treatment, or deeper understanding of a condition or pathology	Benefitting future generations Helping science
	Participant attractors	Factors leading to research participation and sustained engagement; favorable aspects of the research experience, and reasons for involvement	Learning about research Research transparency Financial compensation Social engagement
	Money	How researchers or research institutions made participating in research easier, more convenient, or more desirable because of providing compensation	Cash compensation Travel reimbursement Hotel accommodations Gift cards and fuel cards	Ensure compensation for travel and other expenses Provide a small honorarium
Perceptions of research	Lack of trust in research	Factors influencing lack of trust in research, the research team and/or host facility	Pharmaceutical/industry funding Lack of familiarity with researcher/institution Beliefs about unethical practices	Provide enough information for potential participants to fully understand who is supporting the study and how study funding might impact results
	Trust in research	Factors influencing trust in research, the research team and/or host facility	Familiarity with the institution Vetting research through family in healthcare field Belief in God’s hand in medical research
	Research importance	Factors regarding research importance that influence participation	Broadens pool of people testing treatments for wider efficacy
Barriers to research participation	Barriers – general	Factors, logistics, situations that made participating in research more difficult, including concerns about participation	Mistrust in industry-funded research Privacy and confidentiality Time commitment/busy lives	Maximize transparency and discuss how study funding might impact results. Explain the processes in place to ensure privacy and confidentiality
	Transportation	Getting to and from the research location. Includes navigation – how to find the location	Challenging to travel to cities to research locations Desired study-provided assistance	Come to rural locations, meet seniors where they gather Provide town car/bus