Table 4. Studies comparing the efficacy of transdermal nicotine with conventional therapy.

Author and Year of Publication	Type of Study	Number of Patients	Comparator	Study Length	Conclusion/Result
Guslandi M et al., 1999 [12]	Observational study	16	Prednisolone	Four weeks	A short period could have hampered a proper histological outcome, but no sigmoidoscopic improvements were seen.
Thomas G A et al., 1996 [18]	Clinical trial	61	Prednisolone	Six weeks	Prednisolone was seen to be more effective.
Guslandi M et al., 1998 [19]	Randomized control trial	-	Prednisolone	Five weeks	Nicotine is useful in UC with mild or moderate activity and remissions induced by it last longer.
Guslandi M et al.,1996 [20]	Randomized control trial	10	Mesalazine	Four weeks	Nicotine patches prove to be a good alternative to steroids in patients with mild to moderate UC.