(A and B) Viability of human PDAC lines after 24 hours culture in varying concentrations of cystine (A) or IKE (B), alone or in combination with 100 μM Trolox. Student’s t-test comparing maximal cytotoxicity ± Trolox. (C) Viability of PANC-1 cells cultured for 24 hours in cystine-free media or treated with 10 μM IKE, alone or in combination with 100 μM Trolox (Tro), 500 nM ferrostatin-1 (Fer1), 100 μM deferoxamine (DFO), 1mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), 50 μM ZVAD-FMK, 1 nM Bafilomycin A1 (BA1) or 10 μM Necrostatin-1s (Nec1s). Tukey test. (D) Flow cytometry of C11-BODIPY fluorescence in PANC-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and S-2013 cells after 6–8 hours of treatment with conditions from panel C. Tukey test. All data are means ±SEM of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, x = no significant difference.