Table 2.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion
1. Insulin dependence from disease onset	1. Age below 18 years or above 50 years
2. Disease duration longer than 6 months	2. Being pregnant
3. Age between 18 and 50 years old	3. Having a mental disorder
4. Positive testing for at least one of the three pancreas autoantibodies: glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA), insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A)	4. Having any other condition or disease that may hamper from compliance with the protocol or complication of the trial
5. HbA1c > 7.0%	5. Already using a smartphone app for managing diabetes
6. Being treated with multiple daily injections or insulin pump	6. Having chronic complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy or diabetic foot, diabetic neuropathy
7. Owning a smartphone and are capable of sending a message through WeChat or an app