Table 4.

The severity of impacts by dimensions and overall HAQ-DI scores between all groups

Disability categories	HAQ-DI Scores
	Severity: (mean ± SD)				p valuea
	RA-PD (n = 29)	RA (n = 58)	PD (n = 43)	HC (n = 57)
Dressing and grooming	0.48 ± 0.57zy	0.64 ± 0.85xw	0.12 ± 0.39zx	0.04 ± 0.19yw	< 0.01*
Arising	048 ± 0.51zy	0.69 ± 0.80xw	0.09 ± 0.29zx	0.07 ± 0.26yw	< 0.01*
Eating	0.59 ± 0.63zy	1.02 ± 1.03xw	0.12 ± 0.32zx	0.04 ± 0.19yw	< 0.01*
Walking	0.48 ± 0.57zy	0.83 ± 0.92xw	0.09 ± 0.29zx	0.09 ± 0.29yw	< 0.01*
Hygiene	0.38 ± 0.62z	0.72 ± 0.85yx	0.02 ± 0.15zy	0.11 ± 0.31x	< 0.01*
Reach	0.69 ± 0.76zy	0.98 ± 1.16xw	0.16 ± 0.53zx	0.11 ± 0.31yw	< 0.01*
Grip	0.62 ± 0.68zy	0.98 ± 1.64xw	0.05 ± 0.21zx	0.11 ± 0.31yw	< 0.01*
Daily activities	0.62 ± 0.78zy	0.95 ± 1.08xw	0.09 ± 0.29zx	0.09 ± 0.29yw	< 0.01*
HAQ-DI	0.54 ± 0.49zy	0.85 ± 0.83xw	0.09 ± 0.15zx	0.08 ± 0.19yw	< 0.01*

HAQ-DI, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index; RA, subjects with rheumatoid arthritis only; PD, subjects with periodontitis only; RA-PD, subjects with RA and PD; HC, healthy controls

*Statistically significant difference between 2 or more groups at p < 0.05; w, x, y, z: Statistically significant difference between 2 groups at p < 0.05 (Dunnet T3)

^aKruskal-Wallis Test