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. 2020 Nov 5;11:606438. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606438

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Copyright © 2020 Klima, Holman, Cook, Conrad, Ralston, Allan, Anholt, Niu, Stanford, Hannon, Booker, McAllister and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Percentage of (A) Mannheimia haemolytica and (B) Pasteurella multocida isolates in each surveillance study that were resistant to each antimicrobial. ¹Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints defined by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. ²MIC determined by bimodal distribution of MIC coupled with the presence of associated antimicrobial resistance genes. ²Ampicillin, AMP; ²Clindamycin, CLI; ¹Chlortetracycline, CTET; ¹Danofloxacin, DANO; ¹Enrofloxacin, ENRO; ¹Florfenicol, ²FFN; Gentamicin, GEN; ²Neomycin, NEO; ²Oxytetracycline, OXY; ²Penicillin, PEN; ²Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, SDM; ²Spectinomycin, SPE; ²Sulfadimethoxine, SXT; ²Tiamulin, TIA; ¹Tilmicosin, TIL; ¹Ceftiofur, XNL; ¹Tulathromycin, TUL; ²Tylosin tartrate, TYLT.