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. 2020 Nov 22;17:351. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02017-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Diesel exhaust dysregulates markers of disease-associated microglia. WKY rats were exposed to diesel exhaust (0, 50, 150, or 500 μg/m³) by inhalation for 4 weeks. Changes in gene expression of the disease-associated microglia markers were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Stage 1 DAM markers Cx3cr1 and Lyz2 were analyzed in the frontal cortex (a, b) and the hippocampus (d, e). The stage 2 DAM marker Lpl was analyzed in the frontal cortex (c) and hippocampus (f). Data are reported as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 when compared to control. ^#p < 0.05 compared between exposure groups (n = 7)