Fig. 3.

Migratory effects of royal jelly extracts on the in vitro keratinocytes scratched wounds. Effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts from Castanea mollissima Bl. a-b and Brassica napus L. c-d royal jelly on HaCaT cell migration. The left panels are micrographs of cell migration observed at × 100 magnification. The right panels are rates of wound healing calculated from the area of wound coverage over a period of 12 or 24 h relative to the scarification area at 0 h. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance of differences: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, compared with control conditions