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. 2020 Nov 23;18:184. doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-00672-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The changes of EMPs, PMPs and LMPs in blood after I/R and their role in pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability and lung injury. a, b The change of EMPs in blood marked with CD31 antibodies. c, d The change of LMPs in blood marked with CD45 antibodies. e, f The change of PMPs in blood marked with CD61 antibodies. g, h Effects of H/R-EMPs, H/R-PMPs and H/R-LMPs on pulmonary vascular permeability reflected by Evans Blue leakage. i The effect of H/R-EMPs, H/R-PMPs and H/R-LMPs on leakage of FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labeled albumin in microvasculature. j, k The status of inflammatory cells infiltration in lung 2 h after intravenous administration of H/R-EMPs, H/R-PMPs and H/R-LMPs. The numbers of inflammatory cells were determined in 10 randomly selected nonoverlapping fields at 400 × magnification in respective sections of the individual rat lung. l, m The effects of H/R-EMPs on the concentrations of EMPs, PMPs and LMPs in plasma (l) and BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) (m). n The effects of H/R-EMPs, H/R-PMPs and H/R-LMPs on pulmonary sequestration of platelets by immunohistochemical staining, CD41 antibodies were used to mark platelets. The data are the mean ± SD of n experiments (n = 8). NC-LMP, NC-EMP, NC-PMP: derived from normal leukocytes, vascular endothelial cells and platelets, respectively; H/R-LMP, H/R-EMP, H/R-PMP: derived from hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated leukocytes, vascular endothelial cells and platelets, respectively. **P < 0.01 versus N or sham group