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. 2020 Nov 20;8(2):e001860. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001860

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Associations between ratios of ceramides to dihydroceramides (ceramide/dihydroceramide) in serum (A–D, G), liver (E, F) or visceral fat (H) and body mass index (BMI), liver fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum and liver, whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value), state U respiration in liver tissue and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lean humans (blue) and obese persons without non-alcoholic fatty liver (yellow) or with NAFL (orange) or with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (red). DHC, dihydroceramide; EGP, endogenous glucose production; NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver.