Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of individuals in the intervention groups stratified for family history of type 2 diabetes (FH)
| Variable | Prescription group (PG) | Exercise group (EG) | P value | ||||||
| FH− (n=71) | FH+ (n=73) | FH− (n=72) | FH+ (n=74) | ||||||
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | ||
| Males, n (%) | 71 | 39 (55) | 73 | 35 (48) | 72 | 42 (58) | 74 | 36 (48) | 0.535 |
| Age (years) | 71 | 49.1 (12) | 73 | 50.9 (10.6) | 72 | 49.6 (11.8) | 74 | 49.2 (10.6) | 0.769 |
| Weight (kg) | 66 | 81.7 (13.2) | 68 | 81.1 (14.8) | 62 | 83.5 (14.5) | 65 | 82.8 (15.3) | 0.781 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 71 | 27.5 (3.2) | 71 | 28.2 (3.7) | 72 | 28.2 (4.3) | 74 | 28.1 (4.0) | 0.643 |
| BMI categories, n(%) | 0.861 | ||||||||
| Normal weight (<25 kg/m2) | 71 | 12 (17) | 71 | 12 (17)) | 72 | 15 (21) | 74 | 13 (18) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 71 | 45 (63) | 71 | 39 (55) | 72 | 40 (56) | 74 | 40 (54) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 71 | 14 (20) | 71 | 20 (28) | 72 | 17 (24) | 74 | 21 (28) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 66 | 95 (11.1) | 68 | 93.4 (11.8) | 62 | 97.2 (13.6) | 65 | 95.3 (12.9) | 0.379 |
| Fitness index | 71 | 73.8 (12.1) | 73 | 73.3 (15.6) | 72 | 72.2 (18.5) | 74 | 73.1 (15) | 0.932 |
| LTPA (met-hours/week) | 66 | 19 (20.2) | 69 | 22.8 (22.7) | 63 | 25.1 (22.8) | 64 | 26 (19.9) | 0.256 |
| Number of steps | 52 | 6.4 (2.5) | 62 | 6.7 (2.5) | 46 | 6.5 (2.4) | 53 | 6.5 (2.9) | 0.958 |
| Blood pressure medication, n(%) | 71 | 6 (13) | 73 | 17 (23) | 72 | 14 (19) | 74 | 12 (16) | 0.395 |
| Lipid medication, n(%) | 71 | 6 (8) | 73 | 4 (5) | 72 | 10 (14) | 74 | 7 (9) | 0.394 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 66 | 134.1 (15.3) | 68 | 136.7 (14.5) | 62 | 134.8 (15.4) | 65 | 132.6 (14.4) | 0.459 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 71 | 82.6 (8.7) | 73 | 81.4 (8.4) | 72 | 82.7 (8.9) | 74 | 82 (8.8) | 0.804 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 71 | 1.23 (0.62) | 73 | 1.27 (0.58) | 72 | 1.37 (0.81) | 74 | 1.39 (0.74) | 0.437 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 71 | 5.07 (0.88) | 73 | 5.36 (0.9) | 72 | 5.46 (0.9) | 74 | 5.28 (1.06) | 0.085 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 71 | 1.4 (0.43) | 73 | 1.41 (0.41) | 72 | 1.34 (0.39) | 74 | 1.34 (0.38) | 0.593 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 71 | 3.11 (0.8) | 73 | 3.37 (0.85 | 69 | 3.51 (0.77) | 72 | 3.31 (0.91) | 0.039 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 71 | 5.4 (0.5) | 73 | 5.5 (0.6) | 72 | 5.4 (0.5) | 73 | 5.5 (0.5) | 0.061 |
| 30 min glucose (mmol/L) | 70 | 8.1 (1.6) | 73 | 8.4 (1.5) | 72 | 8 (1.5) | 73 | 8.6 (1.7) | 0.142 |
| 2-hour glucose (mmol/L) | 71 | 5.2 (1.5) | 73 | 5.4 (1.4) | 72 | 5.1 (1.3) | 73 | 5.4 (1.5) | 0.641 |
| AUC glucose | 70 | 861.7 (139.1) | 73 | 887.7 (127.2) | 72 | 853.2 (119.9) | 73 | 901 (145.7) | 0.112 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 68 | 7.4 (7.3) | 73 | 6.6 (3.7) | 68 | 6.9 (4.5) | 66 | 7.3 (4.7) | 0.755 |
| 30 min insulin (mU/L) | 67 | 63.4 (34.4) | 72 | 61.5 (37.1) | 68 | 65.4 (37) | 66 | 70.6 (42.1) | 0.529 |
| 2-hour insulin (mU/L) | 68 | 32.4 (29.8) | 70 | 31.1 (22.9) | 68 | 31.4 (23.3) | 65 | 32.3 (24.5) | 0.986 |
| AUC insulin (103) | 67 | 5.43 (2.94) | 70 | 5.28 (2.92) | 68 | 5.5 (3) | 65 | 5.9 (3.16) | 0.678 |
| ISI | 67 | 156.9 (87.8) | 70 | 148 (69.5) | 68 | 147.4 (76.9) | 65 | 138.7 (86) | 0.638 |
| CIR | 67 | 240.2 (289.8) | 72 | 181.2 (111.5) | 68 | 224.4 (171.1) | 66 | 251.6 (356.1) | 0.359 |
| DI (103) | 67 | 34.2 (41.2) | 70 | 25.7 (17.8) | 68 | 31.5 (31.7) | 65 | 29 (35.2) | 0.474 |
| HOMA-IR | 69 | 1.8 (2.0) | 71 | 1.6 (1.0) | 67 | 1.7 (1.1) | 66 | 1.8 (1.2) | 0.750 |
Data are shown as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.
AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CIR, corrected insulin response; DI, disposition index; FH, family history of type 2 diabetes; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LTPA, leisure time physical activity.