Table 1.
Participant Characteristicsa
| Variable | BB n = 59 |
NBB n = 115 |
AP n = 174 |
P value BB Versus NBB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 70.7 ± 6.8 | 70.9 ± 7.4 | 70.8 ± 7.2 | .892 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, % | 70.3 | 82.4 | 78.6 | |
| Race | ||||
| White, % | 85.9 | 75.4 | 78.6 | |
| Other, % | 14.1 | 24.6 | 21.4 | |
| Body mass, kg | 83.9 ± 16.1 | 81.8 ± 17.4 | 82.5 ± 17 | .457 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.9 ± 4.7 | 30.6 ± 5.8 | 30.7 ± 5.4 | .637 |
| NYHA class, % | ||||
| I | 0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | |
| II | 67.2 | 69.7 | 68.9 | |
| III | 32.8 | 29.6 | 30.6 | |
| HTN, % | ||||
| Yes | 92.2 | 78.2 | 82.5 | |
| DM, % | ||||
| Yes | 18.8 | 15.5 | 16.5 | |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 147 ± 19.7 | 142.0 ± 17 | 143.9 ± 18.1 | .058 |
| Diastolic | 81.8 ± 9.7 | 81.5 ± 10.1 | 81.6 ± 10.0 | .846 |
| Medications, % | ||||
| Diuretics | 55.3 | 64.5 | 62.8 | |
| ARB | 15.8 | 9.5 | 10.6 | |
| ACE | 44.7 | 51.5 | 50.2 | |
| CCB | 31.6 | 29.0 | 29.5 | |
| Nitrates | 21.1 | 20.1 | 20.3 | |
| Aspirin | 44.7 | 37.9 | 39.1 | |
| Digoxin | 23.7 | 32.5 | 30.9 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AP, all participants; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, participants with β-blocker therapy; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium-channel blockers; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; NBB, participants with no β-blocker therapy; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
a
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).