Figure 3. scRNA-seq enables improved understanding of CM maturation.

A, scRNA-seq data of CMs at various stages of development reveals that while maturation proceeds in a stage-specific manner, individual CMs proceed heterogeneously across the maturation trajectory before converging on the final mature phenotype. B, scRNA-seq profiles may enable more precise benchmarking of PSC-CM maturation. By comparing individual PSC-CMs to in vivo CM data, their position along the maturation trajectory can be ascertained and used to quantify a maturation score for single cells. This approach has enabled us to identify, for example, that PSC-CMs transplanted in vivo achieve a maturation score greater than those cultured in vitro and comparable with adult CMs (authors’ unpublished data).