Table 2.
The Biochemical Values in Patients with COVID-19 and T2D on Admission
| Laboratory Parameters | All Patients (n = 689) | Unmatched |
PSM (1:1) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin (n = 346) | Non-insulin (n = 343) | SMD | p | Insulin (n = 183) | Non-insulin (n = 183) | SMD | p | ||
| Routine Blood Test | |||||||||
| White cell count, ×109/L | 6.5 (5.0–8.2) | 6.8 (5.1–9.3) | 6.1 (4.9–7.5) | 0.425 | <0.001 | 6.4 (4.9–8.5) | 6.1 (4.9–7.4) | 0.219 | 0.171 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.481 | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.056 | 0.735 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 4.5 (3.2–6.3) | 5.2 (3.3–7.5) | 4.1 (3.1–5.4) | 0.528 | <0.001 | 4.7 (3.0–6.3) | 4.3 (3.2–5.6) | 0.219 | 0.235 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 220.0 (161.5–279.0) | 211.5 (150.0–275.5) | 225.0 (172.0–282.5) | 0.125 | 0.045 | 211.0 (159.0–272.0) | 225.0 (163.0–285.0) | 0.080 | 0.525 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 127.0 (115.0–139.0) | 126.5 (115.0–140.0) | 127.0 (115.5–138.0) | 0.037 | 0.764 | 127.0 (115.0–140.0) | 127.0 (115.0–139.0) | 0.115 | 0.542 |
| Blood Biochemistry | |||||||||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 22.0 (15.0–36.0) | 23.0 (16.0–38.0) | 22.0 (15.0–34.0) | 0.065 | 0.132 | 22.0 (15.0–39.0) | 21.0 (14.2–34.0) | 0.080 | 0.556 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 25.0 (18.0–38.0) | 27.0 (19.0–42.0) | 24.0 (17.0–35.0) | 0.105 | 0.002 | 26.0 (19.0–40.0) | 25.5 (17.0–37.8) | 0.077 | 0.378 |
| Albumin, g/L | 34.4 (31.1–38.3) | 33.2 (29.8–36.8) | 35.6 (32.8–39.2) | 0.503 | <0.001 | 34.8 (31.5–39.3) | 34.9 (32.3–38.1) | 0.038 | 0.92 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 275.0 (208.0–385.5) | 313.0 (229.0–440.0) | 242.0 (197.0–321.0) | 0.480 | <0.001 | 283.0 (208.8–392.2) | 262.0 (208.0–354.5) | 0.118 | 0.115 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 69.0 (56.0–88.0) | 68.0 (55.0–92.0) | 70.0 (58.0–85.0) | 0.103 | 0.675 | 67.5 (54.2–87.8) | 73.0 (56.0–87.0) | 0.012 | 0.567 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 5.1 (3.9–7.1) | 5.8 (4.1–8.4) | 4.8 (3.8–6.0) | 0.410 | <0.001 | 5.2 (3.9–7.5) | 5.1 (4.0–6.4) | 0.164 | 0.208 |
| eGFR mL/min | 89.3 (72.9–99.3) | 87.4 (68.2–99.4) | 89.9 (76.7–99.1) | 0.124 | 0.059 | 90.2 (69.8–101.3) | 89.3 (73.8–97.9) | 0.019 | 0.635 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.8 (3.0–4.5) | 3.9 (3.0–4.5) | 3.8 (3.2–4.5) | 0.092 | 0.970 | 4.0 (3.1–4.9) | 3.6 (3.0–4.4) | 0.332 | 0.082 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | 0.078 | 0.604 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.112 | 0.223 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.050 | 0.465 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.362 | 0.033 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.3 (1.9–3.0) | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 0.067 | 0.823 | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 2.2 (1.9–2.9) | 0.258 | 0.177 |
| NT-ProBNP, pg/mL | 186.0 (6.2–671.0) | 353.0 (97.5–1,251.0) | 130.0 (49.5–335.8) | 0.218 | <0.001 | 193.0 (53.0–623.5) | 155.0 (62.5–487.0) | 0.112 | 0.296 |
| cTnI, pg/mL | 6.4 (2.7–18.8) | 9.4 (3.3–29.6) | 4.9 (2.3–12.0) | 0.230 | <0.001 | 5.2 (2.3–20.2) | 6.0 (2.5–13.9) | 0.037 | 0.746 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 7.8 (6.1–12.0) | 9.1 (6.6–14.6) | 7.1 (5.9–9.3) | 0.487 | <0.001 | 7.5 (6.0–11.2) | 7.7 (6.2–10.7) | 0.022 | 0.803 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.3 (6.4–9.1) | 8.4 (6.5–10.1) | 6.9 (6.3–8.0) | 0.578 | <0.001 | 7.5 (6.0–9.0) | 7.5 (6.5–8.8) | 0.025 | 0.509 |
| Coagulation Function | |||||||||
| International normalized ratio | 1.07 (1.01–1.15) | 1.10 (1.02–1.20) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 0.297 | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.061 | 0.009 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0.98 (0.44–2.38) | 1.33 (0.63–4.59) | 0.71 (0.32–1.58) | 0.474 | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.116 | 0.163 |
| APTT, s | 38.5 (35.6–42.6) | 39.0 (35.5–42.5) | 38.5 (35.7–42.7) | 0.044 | 0.839 | 38.8 (35.6–42.0) | 39.3 (35.9–43.5) | 0.092 | 0.456 |
| Infection-Related Indices | |||||||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 33.0 (3.9–84.8) | 47.3 (8.0–105.5) | 15.5 (2.8–61.7) | 0.480 | <0.001 | 30.6 (2.7–81.2) | 32.7 (5.3–77.6) | 0.044 | 0.529 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 12.4 (3.2–39.9) | 18.1 (4.2–52.2) | 7.7 (3.1–31.0) | 0.183 | 0.005 | 7.3 (1.9–40.6) | 13.8 (4.0–44.9) | 0.113 | 0.137 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 5.0 (5.0–7.5) | 5.0 (5.0–8.6) | 5.0 (5.0–6.5) | 0.135 | 0.028 | 5.0 (5.0–7.3) | 5.0 (5.0–9.1) | 0.113 | 0.171 |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 14.7 (8.0–27.7) | 16.8 (9.1–33.5) | 11.9 (7.4–22.5) | 0.151 | 0.006 | 13.4 (7.2–27.8) | 12.3 (8.1–27.0) | 0.143 | 0.978 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 9.1 (6.7–12.0) | 9.2 (7.0–13.3) | 8.9 (6.2–10.9) | 0.314 | 0.020 | 8.5 (6.5–11.9) | 9.2 (6.4–11.1) | 0.105 | 0.790 |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 0.176 | 0.114 | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 0.191 | 0.153 |
| IL-2R, U/mL | 651.0 (386.5–1,031.5) | 704.0 (418.0–1,140.0) | 601.0 (352.5–915.0) | 0.304 | 0.015 | 551.5 (300.5–904.8) | 706.0 (422.0–999.8) | 0.182 | 0.065 |
Data were presented as medians and interquartile range (Q1–Q3). eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.