Table 3.
Comparison of Treatment of Patients between the Insulin and Non-insulin Groups
| All Patients (n = 689) | Unmatched |
PSM (1:1) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin (n = 346) | Non-insulin (n = 343) | SMD | p | Insulin (n = 183) | Non-insulin (n = 183) | SMD | p | ||
| Antidiabetic treatment, n (%): metformin | 223 (32.4) | 91 (26.3) | 132 (38.5) | 0.263 | <0.001 | 51 (27.9) | 78 (42.6) | 0.313 | 0.003 |
| Antidiabetic treatment, n (%): α-glucosidase inhibitors | 295 (42.8) | 141 (40.8) | 154 (44.9) | 0.084 | 0.271 | 79 (43.2) | 79 (43.2) | <0.001 | >0.999 |
| Antidiabetic treatment, n (%): sulfonylureas | 109 (15.8) | 32 (9.2) | 77 (22.4) | 0.368 | <0.001 | 14 (7.7) | 40 (21.9) | 0.409 | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic treatment, n (%): dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors | 50 (7.3) | 23 (6.6) | 27 (7.9) | 0.047 | 0.536 | 16 (8.7) | 15 (8.2) | 0.020 | 0.851 |
| Antidiabetic treatment, n (%): insulin-sensitizing agents | 15 (2.2) | 4 (1.2) | 11 (3.2) | 0.141 | 0.065 | 2 (1.1) | 4 (2.2) | 0.086 | 0.410 |
| Antiviral treatment, n (%) | 287 (41.7) | 147 (42.5) | 140 (40.8) | 0.034 | 0.657 | 84 (45.9) | 86 (47.0) | 0.022 | 0.834 |
| Antibacterial treatment, n (%) | 492 (71.4) | 267 (77.2) | 225 (65.6) | 0.258 | <0.001 | 124 (67.8) | 129 (70.5) | 0.059 | 0.572 |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 266 (38.6) | 182 (52.6) | 84 (24.5) | 0.603 | <0.001 | 81 (44.3) | 55 (30.1) | 0.297 | 0.005 |
| Oxygen therapy, no. (%) | 550 (79.8) | 299 (86.4) | 251 (73.2) | 0.334 | <0.001 | 155 (84.7) | 142 (77.6) | 0.182 | 0.082 |