Table 5.

Hazard Ratios for Secondary Outcomes between Patients in the Insulin and Non-insulin Groups

Secondary Outcome	All Patients before PSM		Patients after PSM (1:1)a
	Adjusted HRb (95% CI)	p	Adjusted HRc (95% CI)	p
Acute cardiac injury	1.79 (1.23–2.61)	0.002	1.33 (0.83–2.12)	0.232
Acute liver injury	1.16 (0.70–1.92)	0.573	1.10 (0.58–2.09)	0.760
Acute kidney injury	4.78 (1.81–12.65)	0.002	4.96 (1.41–17.37)	0.012
Invasive mechanical ventilation	6.73 (3.39–13.37)	<0.001	4.09 (1.77–9.43)	<0.001
Intensive care unit (ICU)	11.47 (3.40–38.66)	<0.001	5.71 (1.67–19.54)	0.006
Hypoglycemia	23.13 (7.15–74.82)	<0.001	10.62 (3.20–35.23)	<0.001

^aAge; sex; symptoms on admission (fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea); SpO2; vital signs (pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure); the histories of hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney disease; and the baseline levels of hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, hs-cTnI, albumin, lymphocyte, d-dimer, and eGFR were used for propensity score-matching analysis

^bAdjusted variables included age; gender; histories of hypertension, coronary heart disease, COPD, and chronic kidney disease; the baseline levels of SpO2, respiratory rate, pulse, glucose, lymphocyte, albumin, NT-proBNP, HbA1c, CRP, and IL-6; and poorly controlled glucose (glucose > 10 mmol/L on admission)

^cAdjusted variables included systolic blood pressure, white cell count, blood urea nitrogen, NT-ProBNP, D-dimer, and IL-6