Table 4.
Baseline to 12 weeks | Baseline to 24 weeks | |||||||
Outcome measure | Tai chi (N=52) Mean change (SD) |
Education (N=29) Mean change (SD) |
Between-group effect size (95% CI) | Adjusted between- group Mean difference (95% CI)* | Tai chi (N=49) Mean change (SD) |
Education (N=29) Mean change (SD) |
Between- group effect size (95% CI) |
Adjusted between- group mean difference (95% CI)* |
Health-related quality of life and symptoms | ||||||||
CRQ dyspnoea* | 0.29 (1.31) |
0 (0.83) |
0.26 (−0.20 to 0.71) |
0.29 (−0.16 to 0.75) |
0.23 (1.31) |
−0.25 (1.05) |
0.41 (−0.06 to 0.87) |
0.46 (−0.05 to 0.97) |
CRQ emotion* | 0.25 (0.75) |
−0.18 (0.84) |
0.54 (0.08 to 1.00) |
0.49 (0.13 to 0.85) |
0.09 (1) |
0.16 (0.79) |
−0.08 (−0.54 to 0.38) |
−0.01 (−0.4 to 0.38) |
CRQ fatigue* | 0.2 (1.23) |
0.15 (0.74) |
0.05 (−0.40 to 0.51) |
0.08 (−0.34 to 0.50) |
−0.06 (1.04) |
0.03 (0.9) |
−0.09 (−0.55 to 0.37) |
−0.05 (−0.47 to 0.38) |
CRQ mastery* | 0.27 (0.94) |
0.02 (0.97) |
0.27 (−0.19 to 0.72) |
0.26 (−0.16 to 0.69) |
0.41 (0.89) |
0.25 (0.91) |
0.18 (−0.28 to 0.64) |
0.15 (−0.25 to 0.55) |
CRQ total* | 0.25 (0.74) |
−0.03 (0.47) |
0.46 (0 to 0.92) |
0.31 (0.05 to 0.57) |
0.16 (0.77) |
0.05 (0.57) |
0.16 (−0.30 to 0.62) |
0.13 (−0.17 to 0.42) |
UCSD shortness of breath | −1.7 (11.73) |
0.85 (7.23) |
−0.26 (−0.72 to 0.19) |
−2.58 (−6.63 to 1.47) |
−0.09 (14.81) |
3.06 (9.95) |
−0.25 (−0.71 to 0.21) |
−3.28 (−8.66 to 2.11) |
PROMIS fatigue* | −0.13 (0.4) |
0.02 (0.5) |
−0.34 (−0.80 to 0.12) |
−0.17 (−0.38 to 0.03) |
−0.04 (0.67) |
−0.01 (0.51) |
−0.05 (−0.51 to 0.41) |
−0.05 (−0.30 to 0.21) |
Cognitive-emotional measures | ||||||||
COPD self-efficacy | 0.13 (0.58) |
0.15 (0.43) |
−0.04 (−0.49 to 0.41) |
0 (−0.22 to 0.22) |
0.16 (0.62) |
0.13 (0.53) | 0.06 (−0.40 to 0.52) |
0.07 (−0.19 to 0.33) |
CES-D score* | −2.57 (7.73) |
−0.07 (5.78) |
−0.37 (−0.82 to 0.09) |
−2.39 (−5.28 to 0.49) |
−1.41 (9.44) |
0.21 (8.17) |
−0.18 (−0.64 to 0.28) |
−1.42 (−5.28 to 2.43) |
MSPSS* | 0.14 (1) |
−0.03 (0.63) |
0.20 (−0.26 to 0.65) |
0.13 (−0.21 to 0.48) |
0.27 (1.28) |
−0.04 (0.61) |
0.30 (−0.16 to 0.76) |
0.26 (−0.15 to 0.66) |
Functional status | ||||||||
6 min walk test | 35.3 (118.6) |
30.5 (121.6) |
0.04 (−0.41 to 0.49) |
1.4 (−52.9 to 55.7) |
12.8 (138.3) |
−12.3 (158.1) |
0.17 (−0.30 to 0.64) |
27.7 (−40.7 to 96.0) |
Chair stand | 0.63 (1.74) |
1.07 (2.31) |
−0.21 (−0.67 to 0.24) |
−0.43 (−1.39 to 0.53) |
0.57 (2.25) |
0.9 (1.99) |
−0.16 (−0.62 to 0.31) |
−0.30 (−1.25 to 0.66) |
Chair sit and reach | 0.28 (3.18) |
−0.43 (2.91) |
0.23 (−0.22 to 0.69) |
0.67 (−0.68 to 2.03) |
0.36 (3.08) |
−0.29 (2.62) |
0.23 (−0.24 to 0.69) |
0.67 (−0.61 to 1.96) |
Calories-Mod Intensity Exercise† | −216 (2311) |
−177 (1765) |
−0.02 (−0.47 to 0.44) |
−36 (−905 to 834) |
−356 (1976) |
591 (2798) |
−0.39 (−0.86 to 0.07) |
−874 (−2003 to 254) |
Freq-Mod Intensity Exercise | −1.26 (6.52) |
−0.38 (5.92) |
−0.14 (−0.59 to 0.31) |
−0.92 (−3.56 to 1.72) |
1.93 (18.89) |
−0.74 (7.24) |
0.19 (−0.27 to 0.64) |
2.81 (−2.85 to 8.47) |
*Adjusted for 12 weeks values, and baseline CESD, BODE (Body Mass Index, Obstruction, Dyspnoea, Exercise) and Charlson Comorbidity Score.
†Kcal/week.
CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; UCSD, University of California San Diego.