Table 5.
Comparison of living and deceased patients across all ASA classes and only ASA class 3/4.
| Characteristics | Deceased | All alive | P-value† | ASA class 3/4 alive | P-value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 4 | 35 | - | 19 | - |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years)∗ | 65.5 ± 14.4 | 52.6 ± 20.6 | 0.195 | 57.7 ± 18.1 | 0.409 |
| BMI (kg/m2)∗ | 21.3 ± 3.2 | 27.57 ± 8.38 | 0.103 | 29.9 ± 9.7 | 0.042 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.876 | 0.671 | |||
| Caucasian | 2 (50%) | 4 (11.4%) | 1 (5.3%) | ||
| African American | 0 | 5 (14.3%) | 4 (21.1%) | ||
| Hispanic/Latinx | 0 | 18 (51.4%) | 8 (42.1%) | ||
| Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other/not reported | 2 (50%) | 8 (22.9%) | 6 (31.6%) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Tobacco use | |||||
| Active | 1 (25%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.322 | 0 | 0.200 |
| Former | 2 (50%) | 3 (10%) | 0.094 | 3 (18.8%) | 0.249 |
| Hypertension | 3 (75%) | 15 (42.9%) | 0.318 | 11 (57.9%) | 1.000 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (25%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.284 | 2 (10.5%) | 0.453 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (25%) | 4 (11.4%) | 0.436 | 4 (21.1%) | 1.000 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 | 2 (5.7%) | 1.000 | 2 (10.5%) | 1.000 |
| COPD | 3 (75%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.004 | 2 (10.5%) | 0.021 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 4 (11.4%) | 1.000 | 3 (15.8%) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (75%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.004 | 2 (10.5%) | 0.021 |
| Hemodialysis | 2 (50%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.045 | 2 (10.5%) | 0.125 |
| Preoperative clinical course | |||||
| Any preoperative COVID-19 symptoms | 1 (25%) | 19 (54.3%) | 0.342 | 11 (57.9%) | 0.317 |
| Preoperative positive COVID-19 test | 0 | 22 (62.9%) | 0.029 | 10 (52.6%) | 0.104 |
| Preoperative admission for COVID-19 | 0 | 3 (8.6%) | 1.000 | 3 (15.8%) | 1.000 |
| Time from symptom onset to surgery (days)∗ | 12.7 ± 6.7 | 14.3 ± 6.1 | 0.712 | 14 ± 6.6 | 0.840 |
| Time from positive COVID-19 test to surgery (days)∗ | 11.5 ± 7.1 | 1.4 ± 12.1 | 0.066 | 2.4 ± 14.6 | 0.218 |
| Surgical outcomes | |||||
| Procedure length (mins)∗ | 182.8 ± 104.1 | 176.7 ± 117.7 | 0.806 | 181.2 ± 133.9 | 0.845 |
| COVID-related inability to extubate in OR | 0 | 3 (8.6%) | 1.000 | 2 (10.5%) | 1.000 |
| New postoperative COVID-related ICU requirement | 2 (50%) | 5 (14.3%) | 0.141 | 3 (15.8%) | 0.194 |
| Postoperative ICU length of stay (days)∗ | 5.7 ± 3.1 | 8.7 ± 4.4 | 0.381 | 10 ± 3.8 | 0.229 |
| Intubation | 1 (25%) | 4 (11.8%) | 0.446 | 3 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
| Days on ventilator∗ | 9 | 10.5 ± 3.7 | 0.800 | 10.7 ± 4.5 | 1.000 |
| Hospital length of stay (days)∗ | 13.3 ± 15.3 | 21.7 ± 30.3 | 0.639 | 34.5 ± 36.2 | 0.054 |
Bold indicates P < 0.05.
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists.
∗
Mean ± Standard Deviation.
†
P-values for comparison of deceased and all patients who remain alive.
‡
P-values for comparison of deceased and patients with ASA class 3 or 4 who remain alive.