TABLE 1.
Prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in decedents with and without diabetes mellitus (DM)
| Variable | Decedents without DM# | Decedents with DM¶ | OR+ (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Total deaths | PF present | Total deaths with PF % | PF mortality rate % change 2007–2017 | p-value for trend | Total deaths | PF present | Total deaths with PF % | PF mortality rate % change 2007–2017 | p-value for trend | ||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Female | 12 136 433 | 86 119 | 0.71 | −4.5 | 0.07 | 1 243 509 | 7022 | 0.56 | −14.0 | −0.01 | 0.79 (0.78–0.81) |
| Male | 11 551 233 | 104 316 | 0.90 | +6.0 | 0.03 | 1 374 393 | 9964 | 0.72 | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | ||
| Age years | |||||||||||
| 45–54 | 1 803 885 | 4879 | 0.27 | −17.3 | 0.001 | 172 621 | 374 | 0.22 | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) | ||
| 55–64 | 3 221 877 | 16 158 | 0.50 | −16.7 | <0.001 | 411 616 | 1645 | 0.40 | −17.8 | 0.03 | 0.80 (0.76–0.84) |
| 65–74 | 4 296 696 | 40 423 | 0.95 | −13.7 | <0.001 | 614 378 | 4352 | 0.71 | −24.6 | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.73–0.78) |
| 75–84 | 6 221 180 | 69 375 | 1.12 | −2.17 | 0.002 | 766 851 | 6443 | 0.84 | −6.3 | 0.001 | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) |
| ≥85 | 8 144 028 | 59 600 | 0.73 | +3.4 | 0.03 | 652 436 | 4172 | 0.64 | 0.87 (0.85–0.90) | ||
| Race | |||||||||||
| Native-American | 118 036 | 1433 | 1.21 | +24.1 | <0.001 | 24 513 | 207 | 0.84 | 0.69 (0.60–0.80) | ||
| Asian | 490 443 | 4407 | 0.90 | 75 862 | 518 | 0.68 | 0.76 (0.69–0.83) | ||||
| Black | 2 466 550 | 8795 | 0.36 | −8.0 | 0.01 | 382 789 | 1213 | 0.32 | −17.8 | 0.003 | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) |
| White | 19 327 231 | 161 217 | 0.83 | +5.1 | 0.06 | 1 895 444 | 13 132 | 0.69 | 0.83 (0.81–0.84) | ||
| Hispanic | 1 223 991 | 14 279 | 1.17 | 231 954 | 1883 | 0.81 | 0.69 (0.66–0.73) | ||||
| UCD | |||||||||||
| PF | 132 322 | 9807 | 0.60 (0.58–0.62) | ||||||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 9153 | −27.7 | 0.002 | 1486 | 1.90 (1.79–2.01) | ||||||
| Lung cancer | 4930 | 391 | 0.89 (0.80–0.98) | ||||||||
| Pneumonia | 1737 | 97 | 0.62 (0.51–0.77) | ||||||||
| Heart failure | 1380 | 118 | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | ||||||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1241 | 152 | 1.38 (1.16–1.63) | ||||||||
| Pulmonary heart | 875 | 77 | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | ||||||||
| disease | |||||||||||
| Other | 38 797 | 4858 | 1.57 (1.51–1.62) | ||||||||
International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes used for underlying cause of death (UCD) are as follows. Pulmonary fibrosis: J84.1; ischaemic heart disease: I20–I25; lung cancer: C34–C34.9; pneumonia: J09–J18.9; heart failure: I50–I50.9; cerebrovascular disease: I60–I69.8; pulmonary heart disease: I26–I27.9. If no data are shown for % change in rate, the regression analysis of the data did not indicate a significant change in trend during the time period. #: n=23 687 666; ¶: n=2 617 902; +: the overall risk of PF in diabetics compared to nondiabetics.