Table 2.
Univariate association of elevated serum liver enzyme levels with serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis or other explanatory variables.
| Participants | Variables | AST |
ALT |
GGT |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal level | Elevated level | Normal level | Elevated level | Normal level | Elevated level | ||
| Men | Number of participants | 158 | 34 | 180 | 12 | 161 | 31 |
| Antibody titer | 8.5 (3.0, 16.9) | 13.03 (4.9, 28.9) | 9.1 (3.3, 17.3) | 12.8 (2.5, 35.8) | 9.2 (3.2, 17.9) | 11.9 (3.1, 16.3) | |
| (1st/2nd/3rd tertile) | 56/53/49 | 8/11/15 | 60/61/59 | 4/3/5 | 51/55/55 | 13/9/9 | |
| Age (yrs.) | 68 (62, 74) | 72 (64, 75) | 69 (63, 74) | 71 (62, 77) | 69 (63, 75) | 65 (60, 73) | |
| Number of teeth | 23 (13, 27) | 24 (15, 26) | 24 (14, 27) | 24 (9, 27) | 23 (14, 26) | 26 (10, 28) | |
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 97/61 | 29/5∗ | 117/63 | 9/3 | 101/60 | 25/6 | |
| Obesity (yes/no) | 59/99 | 13/21 | 65/115 | 7/5 | 56/105 | 16/15 | |
| Diabetes (yes/no) | 78/80 | 15/19 | 86/94 | 7/5 | 79/82 | 14/17 | |
| Smoking habit (yes/no) | 110/48 | 19/15 | 121/59 | 8/4 | 105/56 | 24/7 | |
| Drinking habit (yes/no) | 108/50 | 21/13 | 122/58 | 7/5 | 102/59 | 27/4∗ | |
| Women | Number of participants | 172 | 24 | 142 | 54 | 163 | 33 |
| Antibody titer | 5.7 (2.7, 12.5) | 6.6 (2.7, 11.7) | 5.4 (2.5, 10.8) | 8.8 (2.8, 16.1) | 5.7 (2.6, 12.5) | 7.4 (2.3, 12.0) | |
| (1st/2nd/3rd tertile) | 58/57/57 | 8/8/8 | 51/51/40 | 15/14/25∗ | 56/54/53 | 10/11/12 | |
| Age (yrs) | 69 (62, 75) | 65 (61, 72) | 71 (62, 76) | 65 (60, 69)∗ | 69 (62, 75) | 67 (60, 71) | |
| Number of teeth | 21 (11, 27) | 23 (15, 27) | 20 (10, 25) | 25 (19, 27)∗ | 21 (11, 26) | 23 (17, 27) | |
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 110/62 | 18/6 | 92/50 | 36/18 | 107/56 | 21/12 | |
| Obesity (yes/no) | 69/103 | 10/14 | 51/91 | 28/26 | 62/101 | 17/16 | |
| Diabetes (yes/no) | 55/117 | 6/18 | 40/102 | 21/33 | 50/113 | 11/22 | |
| Smoking habit (yes/no) | 10/162 | 0/24 | 7/135 | 3/51 | 9/154 | 1/32 | |
| Drinking habit (yes/no) | 13/159 | 3/21 | 12/130 | 4/50 | 14/149 | 2/31 | |
Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase. Values represent median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for continuous variables and number of participants for categorical variables. Elevated AST level was defined as >30 IU/l. Elevated ALT levels were defined as >42 IU/l for men and >23 IU/l for women. Elevated GGT levels were defined as >64 IU/l for men and >32 IU/l for women. Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables, Fisher's exact tests for 2 × 2 contingency tables, and chi-square tests for 2 × 3 contingency tables were performed. ∗p < 0.05.