Table 2.
Demographic Characteristics of the Control and Diabetes Groups, and HbA1c Profile of the Diabetes Population by Retinopathy Group
| Controls | No DR | Mild/Moderate NPDR | Severe NPDR/PDR | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 70 | 56 | 106 | 49 | 281 |
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 60 ± 9 | 63 ± 10 | 63 ± 10 | 63 ± 11 | 62 ± 14 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male, n (%) | 19 (27.1) | 30 (53.6) | 56 (52.8) | 23 (46.9) | 128 (45.6) |
| Female, n (%) | 51 (73.9) | 26 (46.4) | 50 (47.2) | 26 (53.1) | 153 (54.4) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| NZ European, n (%) | 57 (81.4) | 50 (89.3) | 90 (84.9) | 37 (75.5) | 234 (83.3) |
| Māori, n (%) | 0 | 2 (3.6) | 5 (4.7) | 3 (6.1) | 10 (3.6) |
| Asian, n (%) | 5 (7.1) | 3 (5.4) | 6 (5.7) | 5 (10.2) | 19 (6.8) |
| Pacific, n (%) | 8 (11.4) | 1 (1.8) | 5 (4.7) | 4 (8.2) | 18 (6.4) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | |||||
| Recent test, n (%) | – | 55 (98.2) | 99 (93.4) | 48 (98.0) | 202 (96.2) |
| Mean ± SD | – | 55 ± 13 | 58 ± 17 | 64 ± 14 | |
| Range | – | 37–98 | 20–114 | 37–99 |
Abbreviations: DR, diabetic retinopathy; n, number of participants; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NZ, New Zealand; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SD, standard deviation.