TABLE 4.

Summary of parameter estimates (beta) with 95% confidence intervals for key pathways tested full model, Model 4 – Figure 2.

Path		B	β (SE)	95% CI [L–U]	z-value	p-value	R2
Fear of COVID-19 (X1) → self-esteem (M1)	(a11)	–0.122	−0.160(0.040)	[−0.237; −0.082]	–4.015	p < 0.001
Loneliness (X2) → self-esteem (M1)	(a21)	–0.610	−0.798(0.055)	[−0.913; −0.695]	–14.403	p < 0.001	0.416
Self-esteem (M1) → anxiety (M2)	(d21)	–0.098	−0.127(0.045)	[−0.216; −0.039]	–2.797	p = 0.005	0.655
Anxiety (M2) → depression (Y)	(b2)	0.633	0.769 (0.060)	[0.657; 0.894]	12.775	p < 0.001	0.766
Fear of COVID-19 (X1) → anxiety (M2)	(a12)	0.732	1.245 (0.065)	[1.128; 1.380]	19.283	p < 0.001
Fear of COVID-19 (X1) → depression (Y)	(c11)	–0.149	−0.309(0.079)	[−0.471; −0.159]	–3.924	p < 0.001
Loneliness (X2) → anxiety (M2)	(a22)	0.136	0.231 (0.052)	[0.125; 0.341]	4.211	p < 0.001
Loneliness (X2) → depression (Y)	(c21)	0.340	0.703 (0.072)	[0.570; 0.854]	9.700	p < 0.001
Self-esteem (M1) → depression (Y)	(b1)	–0.235	−0.371(0.052)	[−0.474; −0.269]	–7.095	p < 0.001
Indirect effect of X1 on Y via M1	(a11*b1)	0.029	0.059 (0.017)	[0.029; 0.094]	3.495	p < 0.001
Indirect effect of X1 on Y via M2	(a12*b2)	0.463	0.958 (0.082)	[0.813; 1.134]	11.714	p < 0.001
Indirect effect of X2 on Y via M1	(a21*b1)	0.143	0.296 (0.044)	[0.214; 0.386]	6.744	p < 0.001
Indirect effect of X2 on Y via M2	(a22*b2)	0.086	0.178 (0.043)	[0.097; 0.268]	4.098	p < 0.001
Indirect effect of X1 on Y via M1 and M2	(a11*d21*b2)	0.008	0.016 (0.007)	[0.004; 0.030]	2.324	p = 0.020
Indirect effect of X2 on Y via M1 and M2	(a21*d21*b2)	0.038	0.078 (0.030)	[0.023; 0.140]	2.634	p = 0.008
Total effect X1 on Y		0.350	0.724 (0.064)	[0.604.; 0.858]	11.252	p < 0.001
Total effect X2 on Y		0.561	1.154 (0.083)	[1.008; 1.332]	13.967	p < 0.001

B, standardized beta; β, unstandardized beta; 95%CI, 95% confidence intervals for the unstandardized beta. SE, standard error.