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. 2020 Nov 10;10:587628. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587628

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Copyright © 2020 Lim, Jeffrey, Ramm and Soekmadji

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in viral-associated liver disease. EVs containing nucleic acids, proteins, or metabolites are involved in the disease progression of viral hepatitis and HCC via various mechanisms, including differentiation of hepatic stellate cells, proliferation and migration of tumor cells, immune suppression and evasion, inflammation and antiviral properties, and transmission of virions. EVs can also be used in the diagnosis and treatment of viral-associated liver disease.