Fig. 1. Butyrate promotes differentiation of Ly6C^int/neg macrophages.

a Map of CD11b⁺CD115⁺CD117⁻ cell differentiation in peripheral blood. BMC bone marrow cells. b Flow cytometry of CD117⁻CD11b⁺CD115⁺Ly6C⁺ BM monocytes after exposed to ascetic acid (Ace, 200 μM), propionic acid (Pro, 200 μM), butyrate (But, 200 μM), and trichostatin A (TSA, 40 nM) for 4 days. Percentage of Ly6C^high and Ly6C^low cells was compared (lower). c Flow cytometry of CD117⁻CD11b⁺CD115⁺Ly6C⁺ BM monocytes after exposed to different concentration (0, 10, 100, 1000 μM) of butyrate (But). Percentage of Ly6C^high and Ly6C^low cells was compared. d Flow cytometry of CD11b⁺CD115⁺Ly6C^high, CD11b⁺CD115⁺Ly6C^int, and CD11b⁺CD115⁺Ly6C^neg cells in mice infused butyrate (But). Mice received sodium butyrate (150 mM/mouse) in the drinking water for 1 week (n = 6). Percentage of Ly6C^high, Ly6C^int, and Ly6C^neg macrophages were compared (n = 5). e Flow cytometry of BM cells in wt mice with (wt + But) or without (wt) the infusion. Two-sided Student’s t test in d and e; ANOVA in b and c; data for all panels are a representative from three experiments.