Fig. 4. CRH alters mitochondrial respiratory activity.

Mitochondrial respiratory activity of CRH-treated primary neurons (100 nM CRH for 0.5, 2 h and CRH 0.5 h + CRHR1 Blocker NBI30775 100 nM) measured by high-resolution respirometry using the Oxygraph-2k(R) system (OROBOROS Instruments Corp., Innsbruck, Austria): A OxPhos, maximum oxidative phosphorylation in the coupled state with complex I and II substrates, pyruvate and ADP; B ETS, maximum mitochondrial respiratory activity after uncoupling with FCCP; C CM IV, uncoupled mitochondrial respiratory activity linked to complex IV upon inhibition of complex I by rotenone; D JO₂ATP, the ATP production-related oxygen flux. Note that JO₂ was normalized to the total cell number: pmol O₂/(s*10⁶ cells). Experiments were performed in N = 3–7 independent replicates at DIV14. JO₂ATP experiments were performed in N = 4 independent replicates at DIV14. Data are displayed as Mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison test were performed. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005, ****p < 0.0001).