Table 3. Comparison of baseline characteristics between community-dwelling subjects, and deceased, institutionalized, or loss to follow-up subjects at 2-year follow-up.
| Characteristics | Status at 2-year Follow-up | p-value* | |
| Community-dwelling | Deceased, insitutional- ized or loss to follow-up |
||
| (n=1,267) | (n=255) | ||
| Sex, Female, n(%) | 789 (62.3) | 126 (49.4) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (standard deviation) | 74.3 (6.6) | 76.6 ( 7.6) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent chronic medical condition | |||
| Stroke, n(%) | 105 ( 8.3) | 41 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Heart Disease, n(%) | 217 (17.1) | 40 (15.7) | .323 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, n(%) | 182 (14.4) | 36 (14.1) | .502 |
| Arthritis, n(%) | 523 (41.3) | 89 (34.9) | .033 |
| Prevalent other chronic condition | |||
| Visual impairment, n(%) | 159 (12.5) | 51 (20.1) | .002 |
| Hearing impairment, n(%) | 216 (17.0) | 69 (27.2) | <0.001 |
| Urinary incontinence, n(%) | 133 (10.5) | 65 (25.5) | <0.001 |
| Depressive mood, GDS-sv>5, n(%) | 271 (22.6) | 72 (33.6) | <0.001 |
| Self-rated health, fair or poor, n(%) | 380 (30.3) | 87 (37.0) | 0.025 |
| Use of outpatient clinic in the past month, yes, n(%) | 1021 (80.6) | 196 (76.9) | 0.099 |
| History of hospitalization in the past year, yes, n(%) | 113 ( 8.9) | 33 (12.9) | 0.034 |
| Physical Function | |||
| Walking ability over 1km, n(%) | <0.001 | ||
| able, no difficulty | 818 (64.6) | 133 (52.4) | |
| difficult | 326 (25.8) | 53 (20.9) | |
| unable | 122 ( 9.6) | 68 (26.8) | |
| Climbing up stairs, n(%) | <0.001 | ||
| able, no difficulty | 852 (67.3) | 131 (51.6) | |
| difficult | 340 (26.9) | 64 (25.2) | |
| unable | 74 ( 5.8) | 59 (23.2) | |
| Mobility disability, n(%) | 138 (10.9) | 75 (29.4) | <0.001 |
| IADL disability, n(%) | 277 (21.9) | 114 (45.1) | <0.001 |
| BADL disability, n(%) | 87 ( 6.9) | 66 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive Function | |||
| MMSE score, median | 26.6 | 24.7 | <0.001 |
| MMSE<20, n(%) | 61 ( 4.8) | 46 (18.6) | <0.001 |
IADL: instrumental activities of daily living, BADL: basic activities of daily living, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS-sv: short-version of geriatric depression scale
* : χ2 test for categorical data and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data.