Table 1.

Types of CHD in participants.

Types of CHD*	Group A	Group B	Group C
After surgery	3	1	4
ASD	36	48	65
PDA	11	12	13
VSD	18	2	14
Others†	8	8	6

*P=0.03 for comparison of types of CHD among the groups; †atrioventricular canal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, single ventricle, abnormal pulmonary venous connection with or without ASD, and more than one simple CHD.

CHD, congenital heart disease; ASD, atrial septal defect; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; VSD, ventricular septal defect.