Abstract
Objetivo
Identificar las actitudes y prácticas de la población española respecto a la actividad física, comparando la situación española con la del resto de los estados miembro de la Unión Europea (UE).
Diseño
Estudio descriptivo, transversal.
Emplazamiento
Unión Europea (muestras representativas de los 15 estados miembro).
Participantes
De cada estado miembro se obtuvo una muestra representativa de aproximadamente 1.000 sujetos mayores de 15 años, hasta un total de 15.239 individuos, para completar un cuestionario sobre actitudes hacia la actividad física, el peso corporal y la salud.
Mediciones principales
Se clasificó a los participantes en 6 posibles estados de cambio hacia la actividad física, reagrupándolos posteriormente en estados estáticos («precontemplación» y «recaída») y estados dinámicos («contemplación», «decisión», «acción» y «mantenimiento»). Se llevó a cabo un análisis multivariante de regresión logística no condicional, para determinar las variables sociodemográficas relacionadas con encontrarse en un estado estático.
Resultados
Los estados de cambio estáticos fueron más prevalentes en España que en el resto de la UE. En ambos sexos, los participantes españoles con estudios primarios, casados, fumadores y obesos presentaron mayor probabilidad de hallarse en un estado estático respecto a la actividad física.
Conclusiones
La proporción de españoles que presenta una mala actitud de cambio hacia la actividad física es superior a la del resto de la UE, y son además menos perseverantes en los cambios positivos.
Palabras clave: Ejercicio, Actitudes, Unión Europea, Encuesta
Abstract
Aim
To identify attitudes and practices in the Spanish population regarding physical activity, and to compare the situation in Spain with that of other member stages of the European Union (EU).
Design
Descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Setting
European Union (representative samples of all 15 member stages).
Participants
From each member stage we obtained a representative sample of approximately 1000 subjects older than 15 years. A total of 15 239 individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire on attitudes regarding physical activity, body weight and health.
Main measures
We classified participants into 6 possible stades of change toward physical activity, and subsequently regrouped them into static («precontemplation» and «relapse») and dynamic stages («contemplation», «decision», «action» and «maintenance»). Multivariate analysis with unconditional logistic regression was used to determine which sociodemographic variables were related with static stages.
Results
Static stages of change were more prevalent in Spain than in the rest of the EU. Spanish participants of both sexes who had received primary education, were married, were smokers or were obese were more likely to be in a static stage with regard to physical activity.
Conclusions
The proportion of Spaniards with a poor attitude toward changing their level of physical activity was higher than in the rest of the EU, and Spanish citizens were less perseverant in achieving positive changes.
Key words: Exercise, Attitudes, European Union, Survey
Bibliografía
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